In this episode Lisa speaks to chiropractic doctor Dr Dean Carter about chiropractic treatments and his holistic approach to health and wellness and why chiropractic is just one of a number of pillars that underpin a healthy human.

Here are three reasons to listen in:

1. Understand what sublaxations are 

2. Understand how the spine and spinal health and nervous system effect the body 

3. The pillars that should make up and round out your chiropractic care and why chiropractors do more than just "crack backs" 

"The doctor of the future will give no medicine but will interest his or her patients in the care of the human frame, in proper diet and in the cause and prevention of disease." Thomas A Edison

Dr Dean's approach to health and life philosophy is holistic, vitalistic and natural. His unique view of health is the underpinning foundation of Living Chiropractic & Wellness. Dr Dean believes in taking the time to get to the core issue of health problems. He sets out to understand the contributing factors of his patients health concerns, rather than simply dealing with their symptoms. The impact of losing many family members to lifestyle diseases such as heart disease, diabetes and cancer was the main influence for him to study health sciences, lifestyle and wellness care as a way of life and vocation.

Dr Dean has twenty years of experience in wellness care and 15 years in chiropractic. 

Practicing as a Chiropractor in Pukekohe for the last 15 years, Dr Dean understands the importance of his practice members keeping active. He empowers them to exercise, maintain postural awareness, and to stretch every day.

Visit Dr Carter and his team at 

https://www.livingchiro.co.nz/

Personalised Health Optimisation Consulting with Lisa Tamati

Lisa offers solution focused coaching sessions to help you find the right answers to your challenges.

Topics Lisa can help with: 

Lisa is a Genetics Practitioner, Health Optimisation Coach, High Performance and Mindset Coach.

She is a qualified Ph360 Epigenetics coach and a clinician with The DNA Company and has done years of research into brain rehabilitation, neurodegenerative diseases and biohacking.

She has extensive knowledge on such therapies as hyperbaric oxygen,  intravenous vitamin C, sports performance, functional genomics, Thyroid, Hormones, Cancer and much more. She can assist with all functional medicine testing.

Testing Options

• Comprehensive Thyroid testing

• DUTCH Hormone testing

• Adrenal Testing

• Organic Acid Testing

• Microbiome Testing

• Cell Blueprint Testing

• Epigenetics Testing

• DNA testing

• Basic Blood Test analysis

• Heavy Metals 

• Nutristat

• Omega 3 to 6 status

and more 

Lisa and her functional medicine colleagues in the practice can help you navigate the confusing world of health and medicine .

She can also advise on the latest research and where to get help if mainstream medicine hasn't got the answers you are searching for whatever the  challenge you are facing from cancer to gut issues, from depression and anxiety, weight loss issues, from head injuries to burn out to hormone optimisation to the latest in longevity science. Book your consultation with Lisa 

Join our Patron program and support the show

Pushing the Limits' has been free to air for over 8 years. Providing leading edge information to anyone who needs it. But we need help on our mission. 

Please join our patron community and get exclusive member benefits (more to roll out later this year) and support this educational platform for the price of a coffee or two

You can join by going to  Lisa's Patron Community

Or if you just want to support Lisa with a "coffee" go to 

https://www.buymeacoffee.com/LisaT to donate $3

Lisa’s Anti-Aging and Longevity Supplements 

Lisa has spent years curating a very specialized range of exclusive longevity, health optimizing supplements from leading scientists, researchers and companies all around the world. 

This is an unprecedented collection. The stuff Lisa wanted for her family but couldn't get in NZ that’s what it’s in her range. Lisa is constantly researching and interviewing the top scientists and researchers in the world to get you the best cutting edge supplements to optimize your life.

Subscribe to our popular Youtube channel 

with over 600 videos, millions of views, a number of full length documentaries, and much more. You don't want to miss out on all the great content on our Lisa's youtube channel.

Youtube

Order Lisa's Books

Lisa has published 5 books: Running Hot, Running to Extremes, Relentless, What your oncologist isn't telling you and her latest "Thriving on the Edge" 

Check them all out at 

https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books

Perfect Amino Supplement by Dr David Minkoff

Introducing PerfectAmino

• PerfectAmino is an amino acid supplement that is 99% utilized by the body to make protein.

• PerfectAmino is 3-6x the protein of other sources with almost no calories.

• 100% vegan and non-GMO.

• The coated PerfectAmino tablets are a slightly different shape and have a natural, non-GMO, certified organic vegan coating on them so they will glide down your throat easily.

• Fully absorbed within 20-30 minutes!

• No other form of protein comes close to PerfectAminos

Listen to the episode with Dr Minkoff here: 

Use code "tamati" at checkout to get a 10% discount on any of their devices.

Red Light Therapy:

Lisa is a huge fan of Red Light Therapy and runs a Hyperbaric and Red Light Therapy clinic. If you are wanting to get the best products try

Flexbeam: A wearable Red Light Device

https://recharge.health/product/flexbeam-aff/?ref=A9svb6YLz79r38

Or Try Vielights’ advanced Photobiomodulation Devices

Vielight brain photobiomodulation devices combine electrical engineering and neuroscience.

To find out more about photobiomodulation, current studies underway and already completed and for the devices mentioned in this video go to

www.vielight.com and use code “tamati” to get 10% off

Enjoyed This Podcast?

If you did, subscribe and share it with your friends!

If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review and share this with your family and friends.

Have any questions? You can contact my team through email (support@lisatamati.com) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.

 To pushing the limits,

Lisa and team

In this Episode, Lisa talks about How to optimise sleep and the steps that you can take each day to overcome it. She also provide tips that you can copy to properly optimise your sleeping routine and to have a good sleep each day. Also she identify the different factors that can hinder us from getting enough sleep and provide medical and practical solution to have better sleep.

For more information and more medical explaination on how you can optimise sleep, check the previous episode of Pushing The Limits with Dr Kirk Parsley :

lisatamati.com/podcast--dr-kirk-parsley/

If you're looking how to optimise your sleep, then this episode is for you!

3 Reasons to Listen:

1. Discover how to optimise your sleep
2. Learn the medical and practical solution to have better sleep
3. Top Tips to Optimise Your Sleep

Personalised Health Optimisation Consulting with Lisa Tamati

Lisa offers solution focused coaching sessions to help you find the right answers to your challenges.

Topics Lisa can help with: 

Lisa is a Genetics Practitioner, Health Optimisation Coach, High Performance and Mindset Coach.

She is a qualified Ph360 Epigenetics coach and a clinician with The DNA Company and has done years of research into brain rehabilitation, neurodegenerative diseases and biohacking.

She has extensive knowledge on such therapies as hyperbaric oxygen,  intravenous vitamin C, sports performance, functional genomics, Thyroid, Hormones, Cancer and much more. She can assist with all functional medicine testing.

Testing Options

• Comprehensive Thyroid testing

• DUTCH Hormone testing

• Adrenal Testing

• Organic Acid Testing

• Microbiome Testing

• Cell Blueprint Testing

• Epigenetics Testing

• DNA testing

• Basic Blood Test analysis

• Heavy Metals 

• Nutristat

• Omega 3 to 6 status

and more 

Lisa and her functional medicine colleagues in the practice can help you navigate the confusing world of health and medicine .

She can also advise on the latest research and where to get help if mainstream medicine hasn't got the answers you are searching for whatever the  challenge you are facing from cancer to gut issues, from depression and anxiety, weight loss issues, from head injuries to burn out to hormone optimisation to the latest in longevity science. Book your consultation with Lisa 

Join our Patron program and support the show

Pushing the Limits' has been free to air for over 8 years. Providing leading edge information to anyone who needs it. But we need help on our mission. 

Please join our patron community and get exclusive member benefits (more to roll out later this year) and support this educational platform for the price of a coffee or two

You can join by going to  Lisa's Patron Community

Or if you just want to support Lisa with a "coffee" go to 

https://www.buymeacoffee.com/LisaT to donate $3

Lisa’s Anti-Aging and Longevity Supplements 

Lisa has spent years curating a very specialized range of exclusive longevity, health optimizing supplements from leading scientists, researchers and companies all around the world. 

This is an unprecedented collection. The stuff Lisa wanted for her family but couldn't get in NZ that’s what it’s in her range. Lisa is constantly researching and interviewing the top scientists and researchers in the world to get you the best cutting edge supplements to optimize your life.

Subscribe to our popular Youtube channel 

with over 600 videos, millions of views, a number of full length documentaries, and much more. You don't want to miss out on all the great content on our Lisa's youtube channel.

Youtube

Order Lisa's Books

Lisa has published 5 books: Running Hot, Running to Extremes, Relentless, What your oncologist isn't telling you and her latest "Thriving on the Edge" 

Check them all out at 

https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books

Perfect Amino Supplement by Dr David Minkoff

Introducing PerfectAmino

• PerfectAmino is an amino acid supplement that is 99% utilized by the body to make protein.

• PerfectAmino is 3-6x the protein of other sources with almost no calories.

• 100% vegan and non-GMO.

• The coated PerfectAmino tablets are a slightly different shape and have a natural, non-GMO, certified organic vegan coating on them so they will glide down your throat easily.

• Fully absorbed within 20-30 minutes!

• No other form of protein comes close to PerfectAminos
  
  
  

Listen to the episode with Dr Minkoff here: 

Use code "tamati" at checkout to get a 10% discount on any of their devices.

Red Light Therapy:

Lisa is a huge fan of Red Light Therapy and runs a Hyperbaric and Red Light Therapy clinic. If you are wanting to get the best products try

Flexbeam: A wearable Red Light Device

https://recharge.health/product/flexbeam-aff/?ref=A9svb6YLz79r38

Or Try Vielights’ advanced Photobiomodulation Devices

Vielight brain photobiomodulation devices combine electrical engineering and neuroscience.

To find out more about photobiomodulation, current studies underway and already completed and for the devices mentioned in this video go to

www.vielight.com and use code “tamati” to get 10% off

Enjoyed This Podcast?

If you did, subscribe and share it with your friends!

Post a review and share it! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review. You can also share this with your family and friends so they can discover the benefits of an infrared sauna.
Have any questions? You can contact me through email (support@lisatamati.com) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.

To pushing the limits,

Lisa

If you're like most people, you probably think of saunas as a luxurious way to relax after a long day. But did you know that sauna therapy can also offer many health benefits? Sauna therapy has multiple positive effects on your physical health — and an infrared sauna can help optimise those effects. 

In this episode, Alex Tyson discusses the benefits of an infrared sauna, especially on cardiovascular health. He also recounts how he involved himself in the sauna industry and why he chose to take over their family business at a young age. Finally, he offers advice on how to use infrared saunas and how to pick the best ones.

If you're looking to optimise your health and boost the effectiveness of your workouts, this episode is for you!

Here are three reasons why you should listen to the full episode:

1. Discover the benefits of sauna therapy.
2. Understand the science behind the effects of a sauna on your cardiovascular system and parasympathetic nervous system. 
3. Learn how to pick high-quality infrared saunas.

Episode Highlights

[03:12] Alex’s Sauna Journey

• Alex's parents introduced him to the sauna industry from an early age.
• His parents eventually began to build their sauna company, iHealth Saunas. 
• Alex took over the family business in 2017 at the age of 24.
• His passion for helping others drives him to continue running his company. 

[07:32] What Does Sauna Therapy Do?

• Sauna therapy enhances the cardiovascular system.
• It encourages the body to increase circulation and dilate blood vessels. 
• During a sauna session, the body naturally sweats, cools itself, and removes toxins.

• Saunas are a continuous cardiovascular workout that doesn't require the usage of any muscles. 
• Saunas accelerate recovery by reducing lactic acid buildup.

[14:11] The Infrared Sauna Difference

• Compared with other types of saunas, infrared ones warm the body at a much lower temperature and activate its heat response system.
• Infrared saunas can be more comfortable than traditional ones due to the lower temperature.
• Heat stress stimulates the body to be awake.
• It also activates the parasympathetic nervous system. 

[20:00] How to Use Sauna Therapy

• The best approach to using an infrared sauna depends on your goals.
• A hot sauna session in the morning or a cooler session in the evening may improve sleep. 
• Red-coloured lights help balance your circadian rhythm. 
• It’s best to have a lukewarm shower and decrease the lights in your home after a sauna session to optimise your sleep.

[25:11] On Growth Hormones 

• Using the sauna three days in a row can help boost growth hormone production.
• The deeper penetration of infrared saunas helps stimulate human growth hormone production, even at lower temperatures.
• Fasting is another excellent approach.

• There are multiple ways to address a health problem. 
• The fundamentals of health and well-being need a multi-pronged approach. 

[31:54] Alex's Path to Health Consciousness

• The number of individuals who came to Alex with debilitating illnesses and his father's Alzheimer's diagnosis prompted Alex to take care of his health.
• Poor sleep and chronic stress are all related to Alzheimer's. 
• Fortunately, more people are open to sharing information on health and wellness. 

[39:17] On Running The Company  

• Alex took over his parents' company because he believed in its mission.
• Growing a company requires hard work. It isn't easy, but Alex pushed through it because he believed in what he was doing. 
• Entrepreneurs must focus on their customers and provide quality products to engage more people.  

[45:16] Tips on Picking Quality Infrared Saunas    

• Examine the wavelength report to ensure the light it emits is infrared.
• Know the light's electromagnetic field. 
• Ensure the infrared sauna is electrically approved in your area.
• Feel the timbers and craftsmanship.  
• Read the company's reviews and become familiar with its services. 

7 Powerful Quotes

'It's a natural bodily process to sweat. And for a lot of the population, they don't sweat a lot, right? And sauna is a really important way to remove toxins from the body as we know, and just open up the biggest organ of the body, which is the skin.' 

'I'm really big on education in general. Because we don't know what we don't know. And chances are we have some ritual or routine in our life that doesn't serve us.' 

'When I'm working with people or whatever, there is the problem in the middle; and there's 10,000 ways that we're going to attack it. And that could be a combination of food, fasting, hyperbaric, saunas, exercise, time, nature and meditation. All these things are valid pieces of the puzzle.'

‘There has to be a multi pronged approach. Yeah, we need to look at the fundamentals of health and well being and see if we can tackle it through all of those.’ 

‘There was always something inside me that knew that there were bigger things that I wanted to create and manifest in this world.’

'The sauna does become a really valuable part of our life. I really miss my sauna if I'm away and I can't sauna where I am. And that's a common thing that we hear from people. And so it's important that whatever sauna company you go with, [it] can look after you down the track.'

'We want people to be inspired and continue on that journey because the sauna is a real powerful catalyst for people. And it's about building the rituals into our life to really take our health to a higher level.'  

Resources

• Gain exclusive access and bonuses to Pushing the Limits Podcast by becoming a patron! 
• Track your blood glucose in real-time with Levels Health. 
• Cortisol Effects on Body by Dr Ben Bickman. Watch the Keto Camp episode here.
• Keto Kamp
• Listen to Alex’s podcast, Finding Space
• Know more about Found Space
• Grab a copy of Health Supercharged 

About Alex

Alex Tyson is a health educator and business leader. He is the CEO of Found Space, a company that manufactures and installs Infrared Saunas across Australia. His enterprise is committed to empowering people by improving their wellness, energy, and life. 

In keeping with his mission to raise health awareness, he published the book Health Supercharged, which encourages individuals to bring the foundations of health and well-being into their homes. 

You can reach Alex through his website or his official Instagram account.  

Personalised Health Optimisation Consulting with Lisa Tamati

Lisa offers solution focused coaching sessions to help you find the right answers to your challenges.

Topics Lisa can help with: 

Lisa is a Genetics Practitioner, Health Optimisation Coach, High Performance and Mindset Coach.

She is a qualified Ph360 Epigenetics coach and a clinician with The DNA Company and has done years of research into brain rehabilitation, neurodegenerative diseases and biohacking.

She has extensive knowledge on such therapies as hyperbaric oxygen,  intravenous vitamin C, sports performance, functional genomics, Thyroid, Hormones, Cancer and much more. She can assist with all functional medicine testing.

Testing Options

• Comprehensive Thyroid testing

• DUTCH Hormone testing

• Adrenal Testing

• Organic Acid Testing

• Microbiome Testing

• Cell Blueprint Testing

• Epigenetics Testing

• DNA testing

• Basic Blood Test analysis

• Heavy Metals 

• Nutristat

• Omega 3 to 6 status

and more 

Lisa and her functional medicine colleagues in the practice can help you navigate the confusing world of health and medicine .

She can also advise on the latest research and where to get help if mainstream medicine hasn't got the answers you are searching for whatever the  challenge you are facing from cancer to gut issues, from depression and anxiety, weight loss issues, from head injuries to burn out to hormone optimisation to the latest in longevity science. Book your consultation with Lisa 

Join our Patron program and support the show

Pushing the Limits' has been free to air for over 8 years. Providing leading edge information to anyone who needs it. But we need help on our mission. 

Please join our patron community and get exclusive member benefits (more to roll out later this year) and support this educational platform for the price of a coffee or two

You can join by going to  Lisa's Patron Community

Or if you just want to support Lisa with a "coffee" go to 

https://www.buymeacoffee.com/LisaT to donate $3

Lisa’s Anti-Aging and Longevity Supplements 

Lisa has spent years curating a very specialized range of exclusive longevity, health optimizing supplements from leading scientists, researchers and companies all around the world. 

This is an unprecedented collection. The stuff Lisa wanted for her family but couldn't get in NZ that’s what it’s in her range. Lisa is constantly researching and interviewing the top scientists and researchers in the world to get you the best cutting edge supplements to optimize your life.

Subscribe to our popular Youtube channel 

with over 600 videos, millions of views, a number of full length documentaries, and much more. You don't want to miss out on all the great content on our Lisa's youtube channel.

Youtube

Order Lisa's Books

Lisa has published 5 books: Running Hot, Running to Extremes, Relentless, What your oncologist isn't telling you and her latest "Thriving on the Edge" 

Check them all out at 

https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books

Perfect Amino Supplement by Dr David Minkoff

Introducing PerfectAmino

• PerfectAmino is an amino acid supplement that is 99% utilized by the body to make protein.

• PerfectAmino is 3-6x the protein of other sources with almost no calories.

• 100% vegan and non-GMO.

• The coated PerfectAmino tablets are a slightly different shape and have a natural, non-GMO, certified organic vegan coating on them so they will glide down your throat easily.

• Fully absorbed within 20-30 minutes!

• No other form of protein comes close to PerfectAminos
  
  
  

Listen to the episode with Dr Minkoff here: 

Use code "tamati" at checkout to get a 10% discount on any of their devices.

Red Light Therapy:

Lisa is a huge fan of Red Light Therapy and runs a Hyperbaric and Red Light Therapy clinic. If you are wanting to get the best products try

Flexbeam: A wearable Red Light Device

https://recharge.health/product/flexbeam-aff/?ref=A9svb6YLz79r38

Or Try Vielights’ advanced Photobiomodulation Devices

Vielight brain photobiomodulation devices combine electrical engineering and neuroscience.

To find out more about photobiomodulation, current studies underway and already completed and for the devices mentioned in this video go to

www.vielight.com and use code “tamati” to get 10% off

Enjoyed This Podcast?

If you did, subscribe and share it with your friends!

Post a review and share it! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review. You can also share this with your family and friends so they can discover the benefits of an infrared sauna.

Have any questions? You can contact me through email (support@lisatamati.com) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.

To pushing the limits,

Lisa

Medicine should improve people’s health. Yet, Western medicine focuses on symptoms, often disregarding how our bodies function as a system. Over the years, there is an emerging trend of leveraging functional medicine to tackle this very problem by using a more holistic approach. Did you know that the approach of functional medicine is not new? In fact, Chinese medicine works similarly.

Functional medicine is not only about integrating these two medicinal disciplines, but it’s also creating a new standard for healthcare. Stem cell therapy is found to be effective for so many conditions, from autoimmune diseases to neurological problems. With increasing research on the treatment, stem cell therapy continues to show potential positive results for more health conditions. It also has powerful anti-ageing properties.   

In this episode, stem cell therapy pioneer Dr Joy Kong joins us to share her experience in the medical industry and why she focused on stem cell therapy. She shares its numerous benefits and how people can use it based on their conditions. Our health functions as an overall system. It’s no longer enough to depend on the Western approach of treating symptoms — we need to get to the root problems.  

If you want to learn more about fighting ageing and diseases through stem cell therapy, then this episode is for you!

Here are three reasons why you should listen to the full episode:

1. Discover what stem cell therapy is and how it can treat various conditions. 
2. Understand the importance of treating root problems rather than symptoms. 
3. Learn how to leverage stem cell therapy depending on your goals.

Episode Highlights

[02:53] Dr Joy’s Background

• Dr Joy moved from China to the US at 20 years old. She wrote a book detailing her 3-year journey of getting into the US and adapting to the culture.
• Growing up in a Chinese family, Dr Joy was used to both Western and Chinese medicine.
• Chinese medicine looks at the human body as a system and complex web. This is what Western medicine lacks.
• When trying to integrate Chinese and Western medicine together, Dr Joy ran into the problem of different languages.
• Then, she discovered the emerging field of functional and anti-ageing medicine, which also treats the body as a system.

[09:44] Healthcare as We Know It Needs to Change

• Despite having the biggest spending per capita on healthcare, America remains rampant with obesity and chronic diseases. 
• Over time, people began accepting Chinese medicine practices like acupuncture. 
• It’s the same thing with stem cell therapy. Its benefits are now more widely understood.

[13:51] What Is Stem Cell Therapy? 

• All our tissues contain stem cells, and it’s only until they form organs that they create specialised cells.
• The gold standard used in stem cell therapy is mesenchymal stem cells because of its more general function.
• Mesenchymal stem cells modulate the environment they’re in. Listen to the full episode to hear Dr Joy’s explanation of how these stem cells create a coordinating effect.
• Stem cell therapy can produce incredible results and transform people’s lives.

[20:42] Are All Mesenchymal Stem Cells Equal?

• Dr Joy uses birth tissue-derived stem cells from healthy births. 
• In her research, she found that birth tissue-derived stem cells are better than those derived from bone marrow and fat.  
• Birth tissue-derived stem cells are more potent because they’re primitive, active, have more anti-inflammatory capabilities, and can shift your immune system. 
• All embryonic and adult stem cells have the potential to cause tumour formation and promote existing cancer. 
• However, birth tissue-derived stem cells don’t have this potential and can also detect cancer.

[28:17] How to Use Stem Cell Therapy

• Utilising stem cell therapy depends on your goals. For example, if you’re an athlete who injured your ligaments or tendon, the therapy involves a direct injection on the injury.
• Older adults with chronic inflammatory conditions will need a systemic approach to regenerate the whole body.
• Dr Joy uses both IV injections and direct injections to the knee for patients with osteoarthritis.
• The therapy is so potent that it can help change the internal environment of your body.
• Inflammation can actually make stem cells work better. You don’t need to wait to get your inflammation levels down before getting the therapy.

[35:09] Benefits of Stem Cell Therapy

• Dr Joy observed that stem cell therapy can help people with various kinds of systemic conditions. 
• Even if you inject the stem cells in one area, they will eventually get into the bloodstream and become systemic. 
• For patients with a significant illness, Dr Joy recommends getting at least 2-3 sessions.
• Meanwhile, Dr Joy recommends a session every 3-6 months to address anti-ageing concerns.

[38:53] Getting to Where She Is

• Dr Joy got into medicine because she wanted to make a difference in people’s lives.
• She worked in psychiatry before, and while the medicine helped patients, they did not address root causes.
• Stem cells are currently the most holistic treatment available. It’s not injecting molecules — it’s injecting intelligence.
• She loves learning different disciplines, and she realised how all the organs have common themes.

[43:11] Functional Medicine Will Become the Standard 

• Functional medicine will someday become the standard approach in medicine because it addresses root causes and not just symptoms.
• It’s a grassroots movement because it’s people and patients who will advocate for it, rather than doctors. 
• More people are realising that conventional medicine is no longer enough.

[45:40] Emerging Research in Stem Cell Therapy 

• There’s now more research on stem cell therapy. Currently, most of it focuses on autoimmune diseases. 
• There’s also research on diabetes, neurological conditions, stroke, injuries, inflammatory diseases, autism, and addiction, among others.
• In addition, it can increase lifespan by about 30% and regenerate your brain, eyes, and more.
• Listen to the full episode to hear more about stem cell research!

[50:38] What Happens as We Age? 

• We run out of stem cells as we age because of inflammation. We also keep using them throughout life.
• Thus, it’s not recommended to keep activating your own stem cells. 
• When we’re born, one in 10,000 cells is a mesenchymal stem cell. By our 40s, this drops to one in 400,000, then one in 2 million by our 80s. 
• Stem cells are the engine for regeneration.
• Stem cell therapy is becoming more accessible worldwide.

[54:41] Should We Bank Our Children’s Cells? 

• Dr Joy shares that it is useful to bank your own child’s cells. But using other people’s cells is also okay. 
• When we put stem cells into our bodies, they will be activated and eventually die off. 
• If you’re trying to bank your child’s cells for your own use, the tissue bank may not release it for you. 
• Stem cell therapy is going to advance so that you probably don’t even need to bank your child’s cells.

7 Powerful Quotes

‘There's no prejudice. It just all about, “Okay, for this, this Chinese medicine work much better. And for this problem, okay, let's do this Western medicine. That works much better than the Chinese medicine.”’

‘The Western medicine doesn't yet have a system to understand how you put all these relationships together. That's where it's lacking. And that's where I wanted to borrow some of the wisdom from Eastern medicine, where you can look at the body from a system point of view.’

‘I think hope is really important. There's so many conditions where traditional doctors just said, “There's no more we can do.” And then they come to do stem cells, and they get incredible results. So we are transforming people's lives.’

‘The younger stem cells from birth tissue have much better capability of detecting that cancer, so it can tell the cancer to die.’

‘There has been evidence that high inflammation actually make the stem cell work better. Basically, the inflammation of the body sends signals, so they make the cells more active. It's a double edged sword.’

‘No, I'm not the boss. I'm just really driven and really want to understand. I think it's intellectual curiosity and it’s passion because I went into medicine to really make a difference for people's lives.’

‘I call stem cells the engine for regeneration, and everything else we're doing, like the hyperbaric, like the nutritional therapy, light therapy, all these things are the fuel. Eventually, it fills the body, but it also fills the engine. The engine needs all these important factors, but you still need the engine. If you don't have that engine, you're not going anywhere.’

About Dr Joy

Dr Joy Kong is a triple-board certified physician for the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, American Board of Addiction Medicine, and American Board of Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine. She founded Chara Biologics to provide the best regenerative medicine in the country. She also founded the American Academy of Integrative Cell Therapy to provide physician education and training in regenerative medicine. Joy is also the founder and medical director of Uplyft Longevity Center, which aims to use cutting-edge therapies to help people suffering from chronic and degenerative conditions, as well as optimise people’s health. 

Joy embraces practising medicine in a holistic, comprehensive, and personalised manner by treating the root causes of illnesses, not just the symptoms. She is passionate about regenerative medicine and has lectured internationally on stem cell treatment and has worked with various cell laboratories in the US. 

Joy also wrote her memoir, Tiger of Beijing, detailing her 3-year journey of coming to the United States at the age of 20. The book won the 2020 Book of the Year by IAOTP. 

Want to learn more about stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine? Check out Uplyft Center and Chara Biologics. 

You can also connect with Joy on LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube.

Personalised Health Optimisation Consulting with Lisa Tamati

Lisa offers solution focused coaching sessions to help you find the right answers to your challenges.

Topics Lisa can help with: 

Lisa is a Genetics Practitioner, Health Optimisation Coach, High Performance and Mindset Coach.

She is a qualified Ph360 Epigenetics coach and a clinician with The DNA Company and has done years of research into brain rehabilitation, neurodegenerative diseases and biohacking.

She has extensive knowledge on such therapies as hyperbaric oxygen,  intravenous vitamin C, sports performance, functional genomics, Thyroid, Hormones, Cancer and much more. She can assist with all functional medicine testing.

Testing Options

• Comprehensive Thyroid testing

• DUTCH Hormone testing

• Adrenal Testing

• Organic Acid Testing

• Microbiome Testing

• Cell Blueprint Testing

• Epigenetics Testing

• DNA testing

• Basic Blood Test analysis

• Heavy Metals 

• Nutristat

• Omega 3 to 6 status

and more 

Lisa and her functional medicine colleagues in the practice can help you navigate the confusing world of health and medicine .

She can also advise on the latest research and where to get help if mainstream medicine hasn't got the answers you are searching for whatever the  challenge you are facing from cancer to gut issues, from depression and anxiety, weight loss issues, from head injuries to burn out to hormone optimisation to the latest in longevity science. Book your consultation with Lisa 

Join our Patron program and support the show

Pushing the Limits' has been free to air for over 8 years. Providing leading edge information to anyone who needs it. But we need help on our mission. 

Please join our patron community and get exclusive member benefits (more to roll out later this year) and support this educational platform for the price of a coffee or two

You can join by going to  Lisa's Patron Community

Or if you just want to support Lisa with a "coffee" go to 

https://www.buymeacoffee.com/LisaT to donate $3

Lisa’s Anti-Aging and Longevity Supplements 

Lisa has spent years curating a very specialized range of exclusive longevity, health optimizing supplements from leading scientists, researchers and companies all around the world. 

This is an unprecedented collection. The stuff Lisa wanted for her family but couldn't get in NZ that’s what it’s in her range. Lisa is constantly researching and interviewing the top scientists and researchers in the world to get you the best cutting edge supplements to optimize your life.

Subscribe to our popular Youtube channel 

with over 600 videos, millions of views, a number of full length documentaries, and much more. You don't want to miss out on all the great content on our Lisa's youtube channel.

Youtube

Order Lisa's Books

Lisa has published 5 books: Running Hot, Running to Extremes, Relentless, What your oncologist isn't telling you and her latest "Thriving on the Edge" 

Check them all out at 

https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books

Perfect Amino Supplement by Dr David Minkoff

Introducing PerfectAmino

• PerfectAmino is an amino acid supplement that is 99% utilized by the body to make protein.

• PerfectAmino is 3-6x the protein of other sources with almost no calories.

• 100% vegan and non-GMO.

• The coated PerfectAmino tablets are a slightly different shape and have a natural, non-GMO, certified organic vegan coating on them so they will glide down your throat easily.

• Fully absorbed within 20-30 minutes!

• No other form of protein comes close to PerfectAminos
  
  
  

Listen to the episode with Dr Minkoff here: 

Use code "tamati" at checkout to get a 10% discount on any of their devices.

Red Light Therapy:

Lisa is a huge fan of Red Light Therapy and runs a Hyperbaric and Red Light Therapy clinic. If you are wanting to get the best products try

Flexbeam: A wearable Red Light Device

https://recharge.health/product/flexbeam-aff/?ref=A9svb6YLz79r38

Or Try Vielights’ advanced Photobiomodulation Devices

Vielight brain photobiomodulation devices combine electrical engineering and neuroscience.

To find out more about photobiomodulation, current studies underway and already completed and for the devices mentioned in this video go to

www.vielight.com and use code “tamati” to get 10% off

Enjoyed This Podcast?

If you did, be sure to subscribe and share it with your friends!

Post a review and share it! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review. You can also share this with your family and friends so they can know how to optimise sleep. 

Have any questions? You can contact me through email (support@lisatamati.com) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.

To pushing the limits,

Lisa

Diabetes is known as 'The Silent Killer' for a reason. It begins quietly and gradually worsens, resulting in complications such as stroke, high blood pressure, and nerve damage. Doctors have recommended many approaches to combat diabetes, but there are better and more effective ways to address the disease! 

In this episode, Ben Azadi builds on his expertise in metabolic flexibility and the science of keto. Ben also shares his fitness journey and how his mindset changed him from obesity to mental and physical six-pack abs. Ben also shares scientific-proven ways to possibly help improve cell health through the help of exogenous ketones, keto flexing, and others.

If you want to learn more about improving cell health for optimal keto results, this episode is for you!  

Here are three reasons why you should listen to the full episode:

1. Understand the importance of the cell membrane and how taking care of the cell can improve optimal health. 
2. Be inspired by Ben’s fitness journey. Learn how you can start your fitness journey!
3. Learn scientific-proven ways to help build the body’s metabolic flexibility for optimised keto results. 

Episode Highlights

[03:03] Ben’s Fitness Story

• Ben grew up following the standard 'sad, toxic, and process-filled American diet' alongside unhealthy behaviours linked to drugs, alcohol, and video games.
• At 24, Ben started to read health books. Reading helped change his mindset and take ownership and responsibility for his life and decisions. 
• He began exercising and eating better.
• Ben went from 250 pounds at 34% body fat to 170 pounds at 6% body fat. 
• Ben continues to explore different diets and protocols and keeps up with the research. 

[07:16] The Deal with Type II Diabetes

• Ben's father had Type II diabetes and died from it despite following his healthcare providers' instructions.
• His father’s untimely death prompted Ben to question the ‘conventional approach’ to treating diabetes and why many people suffer from the chronic disease.
• Ben considers this a significant turning point in his transformation journey. He believes that the pain pushed him from hobby to purpose.

[10:43] Ben’s Book: Keto Flex 

• Ben has authored four books: Keto Flex, The Perfect Health Booklet, The Intermittent Fasting Cheat Sheet, and The Power of Sleep. 
• Keto Flex, his flagship book, was written to help people understand what ketosis is, how to apply it, and how to use it as one tool to achieve metabolic flexibility.
• A study conducted by the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill found that only 12% of the American adult population is metabolically healthy. 

[14:47] Get Well, Fix the Cell

• The human body has an innate intelligence that acts as the world's greatest physician, healer, doctor, chiropractor, and health coach from within.
• The cell membrane is where this intelligence lies; hence, this is the part that needs care.  
• Ben explains that removing interferences from bad nutrition, lifestyle, and behaviour, among other things, is one method to promote cell membrane health.
• Listen to the full episode to learn about good and bad oils!

[25:21] Insulin Resistance 

• Ben explains that the body’s optimal amount of glucose is about one to two teaspoons or 80 milligrams per deciliter. 
• Insulin levels spike when the body takes in too much glucose, overworking your receptors.
• The solution is to reduce carbohydrate intake, practice intermittent fasting, and drop glucose and insulin. 
• Measure, then double your waistline. If it's more than your height, you probably have metabolic dysregulation.

[31:52] Taking Responsibility for your Health

• Insulin resistance leads to Type II diabetes, leading to many other problems — stroke, heart attack, infections, and kidney failures. 
• Diabetes and insulin resistance are easy to reverse, but they involve time and effort.
• Understanding the process and science will make people much more likely to do the work.
• Epigenetic changes take place over at least six to eight weeks or longer.  
• There is no need to avoid carbs for years. Instead, try different avenues of healing to get optimal peak healthy states. 

[38:33] Counter Regulatory Hormones 

• Human bodies drop insulin in a fasted state. The body's counter-regulatory hormones increase as you lower insulin.
• This is the body’s innate intelligence to pump the body full of energy for daily functions. 
• At the same time, when the body is dropping insulin, it burns body fat and produces ketones giving you another fuel source. 
• Listen to the episode to learn more about how keto works! 

[41:58] Metabolic Flexibility

• Think of intermittent fasting as a muscle that develops over time. It has to be trained to have metabolic flexibility .
• Hypoglycemic people often feel awful during the fast; instead of burning fat and producing ketones, their brains panic and send intense signals for cravings for sugar and carbs. 
• Exogenous ketones also help people transition through the phase. 
• Ben recommends adding ketones in the mix and electrolytes during keto to help transition into the ketosis state. 
• It gives the body the needed ketones, especially for people who have never experienced a deficit of calories or glucose. 

[48:08] Keto Diets  

• Keto is not a diet. It is a metabolic process.
• Ketosis is our natural fat-burning state. It has always been around for as long as humans have existed. 
• Dieting is not the only path to health — there are other tools to use.

[51:22] Focus on Cellular Health, Not Just Losing Weight 

• Do it from a lens of cellular health, not just losing weight. Do not lose weight to get healthy. As you get healthy, you will lose weight.
• View health in cycles, just like in circadian rhythm.
• Listen to the full episode to learn about the four pillars of keto flexing! 

[59:35] Thyroid Epidemic 

• Insulin resistant bodies create more cellular inflammation, including membrane and receptor sites in the thyroid, making it more difficult for the thyroid to do its job. 
• Long term ketosis usually causes a thyroid epidemic. 
• Elevated insulin and chronically low insulin levels affect the body, particularly the thyroid. 
• Balance is always important. 

7 Powerful Quotes

‘When I took ownership and responsibility, I immediately became the victor of my future [and] stopped becoming the victim of my history.’

‘When I went through my transformation, it was more of a hobby that I was treating health and teaching it. When I lost my dad, it went from a hobby to pain to purpose. And that's what lights me up every day to get the message out there.’

‘If you want to get well, you got to fix the cell.'

‘These are lifestyle interventions and dietary changes. And nobody can make money out of that. So nobody's going to be pushing you to do that. And it is hard.’

‘If you treat your health casually, you end up a casualty.’

‘...There’s a difference between interest and commitment. When you’re interested in something, you do it only when it’s convenient. When you’re committed to something you accept. No excuses, only results.’ 

‘So I love to kind of change the paradigm when it comes to keto. Teach people that keto is not a diet, keto is a metabolic process.’

Resources

• Gain exclusive access and bonuses to Pushing the Limits Podcast by becoming a patron! 
• Track your blood glucose in real-time with Levels Health. 
• Cortisol Effects on Body by Dr Ben Bickman. Watch the Keto Camp episode here.
• Keto Kamp
• Grab a copy of Ben’s latest book, Keto Flex: The 4 Secrets to Reduce Inflammation, Burn Fat & Reboot Your Metabolism
• Listen to the Keto Kamp Podcast.
• Connect with Ben: Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIn | Instagram

About Ben

Ben Azadi, FDN-P, is a certified functional health coach and the founder of Keto Camp, a global brand that aims to bring awareness to ancient healing strategies such as the keto diet and fasting. He is also the host of The Keto Kamp Podcast. Ben is also the author of four best-selling books: Keto Flex, The Perfect Health Booklet, The Intermittent Fasting Cheat Sheet, and The Power of Sleep. 

In addition to Keto Camp, Ben also owned several fitness facilities, including Shredfat Inc, Live Free Zone Training, and Live Free Crossfit. 

Learn more about Ben’s work on his website. 

You can also connect with him on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram. 

Personalised Health Optimisation Consulting with Lisa Tamati

Lisa offers solution focused coaching sessions to help you find the right answers to your challenges.

Topics Lisa can help with: 

Lisa is a Genetics Practitioner, Health Optimisation Coach, High Performance and Mindset Coach.

She is a qualified Ph360 Epigenetics coach and a clinician with The DNA Company and has done years of research into brain rehabilitation, neurodegenerative diseases and biohacking.

She has extensive knowledge on such therapies as hyperbaric oxygen,  intravenous vitamin C, sports performance, functional genomics, Thyroid, Hormones, Cancer and much more. She can assist with all functional medicine testing.

Testing Options

• Comprehensive Thyroid testing

• DUTCH Hormone testing

• Adrenal Testing

• Organic Acid Testing

• Microbiome Testing

• Cell Blueprint Testing

• Epigenetics Testing

• DNA testing

• Basic Blood Test analysis

• Heavy Metals 

• Nutristat

• Omega 3 to 6 status

and more 

Lisa and her functional medicine colleagues in the practice can help you navigate the confusing world of health and medicine .

She can also advise on the latest research and where to get help if mainstream medicine hasn't got the answers you are searching for whatever the  challenge you are facing from cancer to gut issues, from depression and anxiety, weight loss issues, from head injuries to burn out to hormone optimisation to the latest in longevity science. Book your consultation with Lisa 

Join our Patron program and support the show

Pushing the Limits' has been free to air for over 8 years. Providing leading edge information to anyone who needs it. But we need help on our mission. 

Please join our patron community and get exclusive member benefits (more to roll out later this year) and support this educational platform for the price of a coffee or two

You can join by going to  Lisa's Patron Community

Or if you just want to support Lisa with a "coffee" go to 

https://www.buymeacoffee.com/LisaT to donate $3

Lisa’s Anti-Aging and Longevity Supplements 

Lisa has spent years curating a very specialized range of exclusive longevity, health optimizing supplements from leading scientists, researchers and companies all around the world. 

This is an unprecedented collection. The stuff Lisa wanted for her family but couldn't get in NZ that’s what it’s in her range. Lisa is constantly researching and interviewing the top scientists and researchers in the world to get you the best cutting edge supplements to optimize your life.

Subscribe to our popular Youtube channel 

with over 600 videos, millions of views, a number of full length documentaries, and much more. You don't want to miss out on all the great content on our Lisa's youtube channel.

Youtube

Order Lisa's Books

Lisa has published 5 books: Running Hot, Running to Extremes, Relentless, What your oncologist isn't telling you and her latest "Thriving on the Edge" 

Check them all out at 

https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books

Perfect Amino Supplement by Dr David Minkoff

Introducing PerfectAmino

• PerfectAmino is an amino acid supplement that is 99% utilized by the body to make protein.

• PerfectAmino is 3-6x the protein of other sources with almost no calories.

• 100% vegan and non-GMO.

• The coated PerfectAmino tablets are a slightly different shape and have a natural, non-GMO, certified organic vegan coating on them so they will glide down your throat easily.

• Fully absorbed within 20-30 minutes!

• No other form of protein comes close to PerfectAminos
  
  
  

Listen to the episode with Dr Minkoff here: 

Use code "tamati" at checkout to get a 10% discount on any of their devices.

Red Light Therapy:

Lisa is a huge fan of Red Light Therapy and runs a Hyperbaric and Red Light Therapy clinic. If you are wanting to get the best products try

Flexbeam: A wearable Red Light Device

https://recharge.health/product/flexbeam-aff/?ref=A9svb6YLz79r38

Or Try Vielights’ advanced Photobiomodulation Devices

Vielight brain photobiomodulation devices combine electrical engineering and neuroscience.

To find out more about photobiomodulation, current studies underway and already completed and for the devices mentioned in this video go to

www.vielight.com and use code “tamati” to get 10% off

Enjoyed This Podcast?

If you did, be sure to subscribe and share it with your friends!

Post a review and share it! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review. You can also share this with your family and friends so they can know how to optimise sleep. 

Have any questions? You can contact me through email (support@lisatamati.com) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.

To pushing the limits,

Lisa

We deal with a lot of stress every day. From balancing our responsibilities to merely reading the news, stress is an inevitable part of life. But contrary to popular belief, stress isn’t always the enemy. A healthy amount of stress allows us to grow more resilient to tougher conditions. Too much stress, however, can lead to the downfall of our well-being. Especially during these exceedingly stressful times, we need to manage our stress levels and build resilience. 

In this episode, Paul Taylor joins us to share how we can better respond to stress and build resilience. He explains how too much stress can damage the body and the role of genetic predispositions in our health. Paul also gives us tips on training yourself to handle stress better. Finally, we talk about reframing negative self-talk and forming good habits.

If you want to learn more about how to build resilience and handle stress better, then tune in to this episode.  

Here are three reasons why you should listen to the full episode:

1. Train yourself to build resilience and handle stressful situations better. 
2. Discover ways to deal with negative thoughts.
3. Learn Paul’s tips on creating good habits.

Resources

• Man's Search for Meaning by Victor Frankl

• Connect with Paul: Website | LinkedIn
• The MindBodyBrain Project with Paul Taylor
• The Better You Program by Paul Taylor

Episode Highlights

[05:13] About Paul’s PhD in Resilience

• Paul is studying psychophysiological resilience. 
• Gratitude, empathy and mindfulness are necessary. But they are not sufficient factors in  studying resilience. 
• Paul is looking at the interaction between resilience, mental well-being and burnout in military guys. 
• Paul is developing a new measure of resilience. It uses self-reports, cognitive batteries and biological measures.

[07:57] What Stress Does to Your Brain

• Consistent exposure to stress changes the brain, both structurally and functionally. 
• These changes make people less able to control their emotional responses. 
• People suffering from anxiety, depression, PTSD or burnout were found to have significant maladaptive changes in their brains.

[17:38] Daily Stressors That Damage Us

• Aside from life traumas, the smaller daily stressors can also be damaging for us. 
• Paul believes that modern life is characterised by input overload that puts us in a constant state of stress.
• Our resilience and responsiveness to stress depend on factors such as genetics, social support and nutrition.
• Listen to the full episode to learn more about how nature and nurture inform how stress is processed in the brain.

[22:40] Training Yourself to Build Resilience

• The Goldilocks Effect proposes that for optimal performance, stress levels must be just right.
• Specific training and repetition can help people arrive at an automated response regardless of their genetic predispositions.
• Learning arousal control strategies can make you act effectively under pressure. These strategies are also used routinely in training military, police or firefighters. 
• Breathing is one easy arousal control strategy. Specifically, techniques like box breathing and resonant frequency breathing help manage stress. 
• Listen to the full episode to learn more about breathing techniques and the autonomic nervous system.

[29:49] Using Attention in Stress Response

• Our attention tends to be internally focused if we’re anxious, depressed or stressed. 
• If you’re not in danger or no external threat, shifting your attention outward can help minimise your stress. You can shift your attention to your breathing or the things you can sense.
• Paul says that we all have an ‘inner gremlin’. It’s a character that is responsible for negative self-talk, anger, anxiety and depression.
• Instead of listening to it, you can shift your attention to the “inner sage” or the best version of yourself. This process of “self-distancing” has been found to reduce people’s emotional intensity.
• Listen to the full episode to find out how to create a character based on these figures.

[35:58] Discharge, Recharge and Reframe

• When you’re feeling overwhelmingly anxious, first find a way to discharge your stress hormones. 
• Paul finds that even 30 seconds of intense activity helps in discharging. 
• Then you recharge by focusing on your breathing.
• Lastly, reframe your perception by thinking about what your best character would do.

[40:44] Dealing with Automatic Negative Thoughts

• You are not your negative thoughts. You can choose not to listen to them.
• In Japanese psychology, our automatic negative thoughts are stories we tell ourselves. What matters is what story we pay attention to.  
• The concept of Hebbian learning suggests that every time you’re repeating a thought, you’re strengthening it. 
• Interrupt your maladaptive and unhelpful thought patterns and create new healthier ones. 
• Watch your thoughts with curiosity and remember that you have a choice over the ones you can focus on.

[48:10] The Importance of Getting Outside Your Comfort Zone

• The small circle-big-circle analogy is used to describe comfort zones. The small circle is your comfort zone and the big circle is where growth and adaptation happens. 
• Since the Industrial Revolution, humans have stopped adapting to their environment.
• Paul thinks that learning how to be comfortable with being uncomfortable is key to growing stronger and building resilience. 
• However, you can’t go outside your comfort zone and push yourself too hard all the time. You also have to allow yourself to recover physically and mentally.

[53:05] On Recovery

• Seeking comfort is done during recovery.
• Recovery isn’t the same as relaxation. 
• Recovery is doing stuff that energizes you.
• If you don’t take the time to recover, you’ll run the risk of burnout.
• Balancing recovery, proper nutrition, good sleep hygiene and high-intensity training drives stress adaptation.

[1:01:52] How to Make Good Habits and Stick to Them

• As humans, we are more driven by immediate rewards. Temporal discounting is what happens when our brains ignore rewards that are far off in the future. 
• Temporal discounting gets in the way of making good habits and achieving our goals. 
• In making good habits, it is important to understand your values and connect your behaviours to those. 
• Breaking big goals into smaller and more manageable goals makes it easier to follow through them.
• Engaging in enabling behaviour also helps in priming your brain to make your habits. 

7 Powerful Quotes from This Episode

‘And so this is what happens when people get burnout or anxiety, depression, PTSD, is that there are adaptive changes that turn maladaptive. And it's basically because the brain is being overwhelmed with stress, either way too much stress in the case of trauma, or just complaints, daily bombardment with stress, and not enough recovery’.

‘So that resonant frequency breathing or box breathing can be really really useful and to deal with stuff in and of the moment. Just, it's basically autonomic nervous system control through breathing’.

‘So if we take a step back, people who have anxiety or depression or just have a busy mind, you know, they've got a lot of negative self talk going on, they want to get rid of it, right? But these three approaches, and I say, look, getting rid of it, it's not really the objective. It's really about where you focus your attention’.

‘I like to talk about shifting your attention to the concept of your inner sage, which is what the Stoic philosophers talked about, you know, that's the optimal version of you. And that's either my best self, me at my best or some sort of other character that I'm consulted’.

‘If you're sitting listening to this, think of your biggest achievement in your life, something that you are most proud of. And I guarantee you, for almost every listener, it will involve stress and being out of your comfort zone. But we need to hang with the tension long enough for adaptation to happen’.

‘You only get bigger, faster, stronger, because you hang with the tension long enough for adaptation to happen right’?

‘And I find that there are a lot of high achievers who are at risk of burnout because they're just on, on, on. And not enough serotonin focused stuff, just contentment, relaxation, connection with others time in nature, all of that sort of stuff’.

About Paul

Paul Taylor is a former British Royal Navy Aircrew Officer. Paul is also a Neuroscientist, Exercise Physiologist and Nutritionist. He is currently completing a PhD in Applied Psychology. He is developing and testing resilience strategies with the Australian Defence Science Technology Group & The University of Tasmania.

In 2010 Paul created and co-hosted the Channel ONE HD TV series Body and Brain Overhaul. And in 2010 and 2015, he was voted Australian Fitness Industry presenter of the year.

Paul also has an extensive background in health and fitness. Additionally, he has experience in leadership, management and dealing in high-pressure situations. His former roles include Airborne Anti-submarine Warfare Officer and a Helicopter Search-And-Rescue Crew Member with the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm. He has also undergone rigorous Combat Survival and Resistance-to-Interrogation Training.

In 2012, he practised what he preaches about resilience training and became a professional boxer.

Want to know more about Paul’s work? Visit his website or follow him on Linkedin.

Personalised Health Optimisation Consulting with Lisa Tamati

Lisa offers solution focused coaching sessions to help you find the right answers to your challenges.

Topics Lisa can help with: 

Lisa is a Genetics Practitioner, Health Optimisation Coach, High Performance and Mindset Coach.

She is a qualified Ph360 Epigenetics coach and a clinician with The DNA Company and has done years of research into brain rehabilitation, neurodegenerative diseases and biohacking.

She has extensive knowledge on such therapies as hyperbaric oxygen,  intravenous vitamin C, sports performance, functional genomics, Thyroid, Hormones, Cancer and much more. She can assist with all functional medicine testing.

Testing Options

• Comprehensive Thyroid testing

• DUTCH Hormone testing

• Adrenal Testing

• Organic Acid Testing

• Microbiome Testing

• Cell Blueprint Testing

• Epigenetics Testing

• DNA testing

• Basic Blood Test analysis

• Heavy Metals 

• Nutristat

• Omega 3 to 6 status

and more 

Lisa and her functional medicine colleagues in the practice can help you navigate the confusing world of health and medicine .

She can also advise on the latest research and where to get help if mainstream medicine hasn't got the answers you are searching for whatever the  challenge you are facing from cancer to gut issues, from depression and anxiety, weight loss issues, from head injuries to burn out to hormone optimisation to the latest in longevity science. Book your consultation with Lisa 

Join our Patron program and support the show

Pushing the Limits' has been free to air for over 8 years. Providing leading edge information to anyone who needs it. But we need help on our mission. 

Please join our patron community and get exclusive member benefits (more to roll out later this year) and support this educational platform for the price of a coffee or two

You can join by going to  Lisa's Patron Community

Or if you just want to support Lisa with a "coffee" go to 

https://www.buymeacoffee.com/LisaT to donate $3

Lisa’s Anti-Aging and Longevity Supplements 

Lisa has spent years curating a very specialized range of exclusive longevity, health optimizing supplements from leading scientists, researchers and companies all around the world. 

This is an unprecedented collection. The stuff Lisa wanted for her family but couldn't get in NZ that’s what it’s in her range. Lisa is constantly researching and interviewing the top scientists and researchers in the world to get you the best cutting edge supplements to optimize your life.

Subscribe to our popular Youtube channel 

with over 600 videos, millions of views, a number of full length documentaries, and much more. You don't want to miss out on all the great content on our Lisa's youtube channel.

Youtube

Order Lisa's Books

Lisa has published 5 books: Running Hot, Running to Extremes, Relentless, What your oncologist isn't telling you and her latest "Thriving on the Edge" 

Check them all out at 

https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books

Perfect Amino Supplement by Dr David Minkoff

Introducing PerfectAmino

• PerfectAmino is an amino acid supplement that is 99% utilized by the body to make protein.

• PerfectAmino is 3-6x the protein of other sources with almost no calories.

• 100% vegan and non-GMO.

• The coated PerfectAmino tablets are a slightly different shape and have a natural, non-GMO, certified organic vegan coating on them so they will glide down your throat easily.

• Fully absorbed within 20-30 minutes!

• No other form of protein comes close to PerfectAminos
  
  
  

Listen to the episode with Dr Minkoff here: 

Use code "tamati" at checkout to get a 10% discount on any of their devices.

Red Light Therapy:

Lisa is a huge fan of Red Light Therapy and runs a Hyperbaric and Red Light Therapy clinic. If you are wanting to get the best products try

Flexbeam: A wearable Red Light Device

https://recharge.health/product/flexbeam-aff/?ref=A9svb6YLz79r38

Or Try Vielights’ advanced Photobiomodulation Devices

Vielight brain photobiomodulation devices combine electrical engineering and neuroscience.

To find out more about photobiomodulation, current studies underway and already completed and for the devices mentioned in this video go to

www.vielight.com and use code “tamati” to get 10% off

Enjoyed This Podcast?

If you did, be sure to subscribe and share it with your friends!

Post a review and share it! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review. You can also share this with your family and friends, so they can learn to build resilience.

Have any questions? You can contact me through email (support@lisatamati.com) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.

To pushing the limits,

Lisa

Full Transcript of Podcast

Welcome to Pushing the Limits, the show that helps you reach your full potential with your host Lisa Tamati, brought to you by lisatamati.com.

Lisa Tamati: Well, hi, everyone, and welcome back to Pushing the Limits. I’m your host, Lisa Tamati. Today I have the legend Paul Taylor. Now Paul is a former British Royal Navy air crew officer. He's also a neuroscientist and exercise physiologist and a nutritionist. And he's currently completing a PhD in Applied Psychology, where he's developing and testing resilience strategies with the Australian Defence Science Technology Group and the University of Tasmania. This guy is an overachiever. He's done a whole lot of stuff in his life.

In 2010, Paul created and co-hosted the Channel One TV series Body & Brain Overhaul. And in 2015, he was voted Australian Fitness Industry presenter of the year. This guy has been there, done that, and you're going to really enjoy the conversation today—all around resilience. He has so much knowledge, and he is with us all today. So I hope you really enjoy this episode with Paul Taylor. 

Now before we head over and talk to Paul, I just want to remind you, if you're wanting to check out our epigenetics, what we do with our gene testing program that we have, where you look at your genes, understand your genes and how to optimise your genes, and how they are being influenced by the environment and how to optimise your environment, then please head over to my website, lisatamati.com. Hit the Work with Us button. Then you'll see peak epigenetics, peak epigenetics and click that button and find out all about it. Every second week, we have a live webinar where we actually take you through what it's all about, what's involved and how it all works. So if you want to find out about that, just reach out to me. You can reach me at any time and the support@lisatamati.com. If you've got questions around in the episodes, if you want to know a little bit more about any other guests, or you want to find out about anything that we do, please reach out to us there. 

I also want to let you know about the new anti-ageing and longevity supplement NMN that I'm importing. I had a couple of episodes with Dr. Elena Seranova, who's a molecular biologist who shares all the information about this incredible supplement and how it upregulates the sirtuin genes in the body and helps create more NAD. Lots of big words but very incredible. The information in those episodes is really incredible. And if you want to try out this longevity and anti-ageing supplement, have more energy, it helps with cardiovascular health, there's even some evidence now starting to looking into fertility. It works on a very deep level in the body and helps upregulate the sirtuin genes which are longevity genes, helps with DNA repair mitochondrial biogenesis, lots of really good stuff. You probably didn't catch all those words, but go and listen to those episodes. 

The product is called Nicotinamide Mononucleotide. It’s fully natural, there’s no downside to this. Very safe to take and will slow the ageing process. If you want to find out a little bit more head on over to nmnbio.nz, that's nmnbio.nz. Right, enough for today. I'm going to send you right now over to Paul Taylor who's sitting in south of Melbourne.

Lisa: Well, hi everybody, Lisa Tamati here at Pushing The Limits. Super excited to have you. I'm just jumping out of my skin for excitement because today I have the legendary, Paul Taylor with me. Paul, how are you doing?

Paul Taylor: Hi, I'm bloody awesome. How the devil are you?

Lisa: Very excited to meet you. Paul is sitting in south of Melbourne, he tells me, in Wine Country. Is that right?

Paul: That's correct. Like any self-respecting Irishman, I moved to where they make the wine.

Lisa: An Irishman who lives in Australia, who is ex-British Royal Navy e-crew, neuroscientist, nutritionist, exercise physiologist—a bit of an overachiever, Paul. Crikey, could you do a little bit more, please? You're not doing enough.

Paul: Well, I’m currently doing a PhD in Applied Psychology, just to sort of finish it—round it all out. And I need to keep myself out of mischief.

Lisa: Crikey. I feel very intimidated right now. But I am very excited to have you on the show. Because I have come across you from our mutual friend Craig Harper, he is awesome. And I've been listening to your lectures and your work and your learnings, and just going, ‘Wow, this guy puts everything into such a lovely way - with stories and good analogies’. And so, I wanted to share you with my world, over here with my audience. So today, I wanted to do a bit of a deep dive.

But before we get into it, so you are doing a PhD in resilience. So, can you elaborate a little bit on the PhD you’re doing?

Paul: Yeah, so what I'm looking at is psychophysiological resilience, because I'm just bloody sick to the back teeth, hearing that resilience is all about gratitude, empathy, and mindfulness. And that stuff, it's important. But as I say, it's necessary, but it's not sufficient. And there is a large component of resilience that has to be earned. And that's the sort of stuff that I realized from my time in the armed forces.So, the positive side stuck is important. But there is a lot more to it. And I actually wanted to explore it and do the research on it. 

And I'm very lucky that one of my supervisors, Eugene, is the principal scientist at Defence Science Technology Group. So, they work a lot with the military. And I'm actually doing—I'm just finishing off my first study with the military. So, it's pretty cool for me, having left the British military 16 years ago. Now, I’m doing resilience interventions with the Australian military.

Lisa: Wow, I mean, it just sounds absolutely amazing. What sort of things are you—because I agree, like, the gratitude and all that very, very important—but it is, you can't just decide. Like, positive thinking, ‘I'm going to be positive thinking’. It's like a little bit more complicated than that. We need to look at things at a deeper level. What is it that your PhD is actually researching? So, what is the study that you've just done, for example?

Paul: Yeah, so the one that we're doing, we basically—it's a pilot study. So, what we call a proof of concept. So, taking a bunch of military guys, and they've gone through training, so I did a full day's workshop, 34 hours with the guys. And then they went on to my app, to be able to sort of track behaviours and log habits and interact with each other and put the tools to the test. And so they did—they've done a survey on mental well-being, another survey on resilience, and another survey on burnout. So I'm actually looking at the interaction between your resilience levels, your mental well-being and your burnout, or risk of burnout in the workplace. 

And what I'm hoping to do in further research is to develop further the model or the measurement criteria of resilience. Because at the minute, in the literature, it's just measured through a questionnaire, and it's pretty poor, really.

Lisa: Wow, yeah. Very subjective.

Paul: Yes, it just gets very subjective. And it's also influenced by—if you're doing a resilient survey, it's influenced by who is actually going to see that right. So, if you're doing it for your employer, a lot of people will actually think, ‘Oh, I better not answer this in a certain way, because there may be ramifications’. So there are limitations with any self-reported questionnaire. 

But more lately, there's been some biological measures of resilience that have come out of University of Newcastle, which I'm actually going to be working with that group.

So, they've actually lived in something called an acoustic startle response, which is basically you'd be sitting with your headphones on, doing some sort of task. And every now and then there'd be this light noise going off in your headphones, and you'd be all wired up. And they'd look at your heart rate, your blood pressure, your galvanic skin response. And you see there's a spike from your autonomic nervous system, right? 

And what they have actually shown is that people who have higher levels of resilience on these self-reported questionnaires, they actually—they acclimatized or they adapt quite quickly to that noise, whereas those who have got lower resilience or who maybe have PTSD or anxiety or depression, they don't habituate to it. So, they're still getting that response, right. So, and this is about what is actually going on in the brain, and particularly an area called the amygdala, that I'm sure we'll get into. 

So, I'm looking at a sit back and develop a triangulated measure of resilience. We're taking that maybe acoustic startle and some of the self-reports stuff, and then performance on a cognitive battery when you're under pressure, right? So, trying to then get a triangulated measure or a new measure of resilience. That’s a very long winded—yeah, so we can measure it a bit more objectively.

Lisa: Yeah, yeah, yeah. And like, because you're working with, like, in Special Forces, I think, in the military. So these are guys that are under immense pressure situations. And looking at our military and vets and stuff, and a lot of them come back with PTSD, and all sorts of mental health issues. And these guys that are coming into this are tough characters, these are not—and then they're coming out with problems. And even not in military, but just in things like my husband's a firefighter. The stuff that they get to see every day. Like he's a really strong, resilient, resourceful human being, but I'm seeing the load, the PTSD sort of load that's coming up over years and years and years are starting to have some bigger ramifications. 

Do you see that people that are like super hardcore tough, amazing, but when they are going into these repeated situations and being because usually like exposure therapy is one of the things we do to lower our stress response. If you don't like spiders, and you have to hold a spider every five minutes, you're going to get used to holding a spider, and it no longer will cause a response. By the same token, are you seeing this going flip the other way? Where you're actually getting worse from exposure?

Paul: Yeah, so there's a lot of academic research in this area, looking at not just PTSD, but also burnout. So, for me, there's that, there's a continuum of workplace burnout is linked in a way to post traumatic stress disorder, right? It's just that the exposure isn't as extreme. There's not that trauma, but it's the insidious, consistent exposure to stress that actually changes the brain. It changes the brain both structurally and functionally.

So what I mean by that is what we're seeing in both PTSD and anxiety and depression, by the way, and workplace burnout, with the advent of brain scanners, they're able to take a bunch of people and follow them for a long period of time—six months, a year, two years. Ask them about their stress levels, and then look and see, does the brain change over time? And what they're actually seeing in that people who are suffering from burnout or anxiety or depression or PTSD, there are significant, as I said, structural and functional changes in the brain.

So what I mean by that from a structural perspective, the amygdala, the part of the brain, one of its job is to sense and respond to stress, and it actually becomes bigger. And so there's  increased cells, increased connections and hypertrophy, it's just like your muscles with hypertrophy. And I'll come back to that in a second why this is, right. But in concert with that, areas of their prefrontal cortex, that rational planning judgment part of the brain, and also, another area called the anterior cingulate cortex—they're actually shrinking. There’s damage to those neurons and there's less activity in those areas.

And what this means functionally, is it means it's a less-connected brain. And it means it's a brain that is less able to control emotional responses. So basically, the amygdala is starting to hijack the brain. The neuroscientist, Antonio Damasio, he's the first to show in his lab that with that repeated— if your amygdala becomes sufficiently activated, it can actually secrete chemicals to block your frontal lobes. Basically, it says, ‘Talk to the hand. I’m in control of this brain’. Right now we all know that as losing our shit, right? Things are hijacked. But when this is happening repeatedly, what's happening is that there are neuroplastic changes in the brain. Right? And we know that this even happens in unborn children, in fetuses, that if they're exposed to chronic stress in the third trimester, the amygdala will grow bigger and more sensitive. And if we think about it, it's an amazing adaptive response. Because it's basically, they're getting inputs through the placenta and stress hormones. If we're adults, we're getting input saying, ‘This is a dangerous word’. Right?

Lisa: Got to be vigilant.

Paul: Yeah, the brain is all about survival first, right? It's all about survival. So, and sometimes that adaptive response is maladaptive. Right? In that there are changes that no longer serve us, right? And so this is what happens with people get burnout, or anxiety, depression, PTSD, is that there are adaptive changes that turn maladaptive. And it's basically because the brain is being overwhelmed with stress, either way too much stress, in the case of trauma, or just bombardment. Daily bombardment with stress, and not enough recovery. And I know as a lead athlete, you know about the balance between stress and recovery and just dealing with what you’ve got.

Lisa: Never got it right.

Paul: And then you don’t, right?

Lisa: Burnout was my best friend. Yeah, there's a huge—because I studied genetics, there’s a huge genetic component to this as well.

Paul: There is, yeah.

Lisa: When you're looking at how long your adrenal, your stress hormones, for example, stay in the body, your COMT gene, your—the RD2 gene, the RD2B gene. Once they actually get the adrenaline, is it going to stay here in the body very long? Or is it going to be out? And they call it like the warrior gene and the worrier.

Paul: Worrier and warrior. When I say it, people go, ‘What’s the difference’? I go...

Lisa: Warrior as in a Maori warrior, and the other one as in worrying, worrying yourself to death. And there’s a genetic predisposition. And then you couple that with environmental, being overwhelmed with either an event or a series of events, or like you say, the constant bombardment. Because there's a question in my head, like, you and I, there’s history, we've both been in some pretty freakin’ scary situations in life. And those are certain traumas that you've been through and you've carried. But then there is a daily shit that goes on. 

Like something that I'm dealing with currently is like, I don't know, but the level of anxiety sometimes is like as high just because I feel like a computer with a million windows open. And it's got inputs coming up. And there's so many—you're trying not to drop the ball, and you're wearing so many hats on so many levels. So that's a different type of anxiety. And it's—and that one that like the big, major ones that you've been through, they sort of self-explanatory that you've got problems with those. But these little ones can be quite damaging too, daily on the mind.

Paul: Absolutely. And I like your analogy about having a million windows open. And that's really modern life, is it's just input overload for a lot of people. And it's, even we know that reading the news a lot, and the negativity particularly around COVID is just bad juju, right? Particularly if you are predisposed, or you have underlying anxiety. Then we've got kids, we got that juggle, we got kids and parents, right? And we got work stresses, we got money worries, we got relationship issues. These are all things that our ancestors didn't really have to deal with. Right?  And our stress response system has evolved over the last 2 million years in our ancestors in response to certain challenges. Right, so three minutes of screaming terror on the African savanna when you're being chased by a lion—that's your fight or flight mechanism. And then longer term or really traumatic stress, but mostly longer term stress, like famine. And that's the HPA axis and cortisol.

And as you rightly said, different people are different. There's genetic predispositions to which one is dominant, how quick the clearing is. But there's also that, as you rightly say, and a lot of people don't understand this, is that the interaction between nature and nurture. That just because you have a certain variant of a gene, it predisposes you—it doesn't mean you're going to develop that, there needs to be that event. And then we know that those events, when they happen early in life, tend to have a bigger impact. Right?

Lisa: So children exposed to trauma are in much deeper in the shit than others

Paul: Can be. Unless they have the presence of a caring, supportive adult, often, they can get through it and end up being more resilient. Or they've got a certain variant of a gene, that when they're exposed to stress as a kid, they end up more resilient as an adult. So, it's a really complicated thing.

And the thing that I also talk about a lot of people don't, is it also depends on other environmental factors going on. Like what's your nutrition like? Like, what's your sleep like? What's your exercise like? All of those things are hugely, hugely important. It’s a really complicated story, as to whether someone and develop some psychopathology because of exposure to either trauma, or just that insidious day to day stress—what we call de-stress versus used stress, which I'm sure we'll get into.

Lisa: Yeah, now that's absolutely exciting because I mean, I preach a lot about doing the fundamentals right. Getting a sleep—at the basis of everything is good quality sleep. And that's not easy. It's not always an easy simple thing.

Paul: But check if you're under stress, right?

Lisa: Yeah, yeah, because your brain won't bloody turn off. And studying the gamma and dopamine and adrenaline and norepinephrine and all these chemicals that are running out and they're actually controlling us to a large degree, or at least when we're unaware of their influence on the body. But there are things that we can actually do to actually help regulate our own physiology.

So I mean, guys and girls in the armies, in the military, have to do this. Or even like I watch my husband and my brother—they’re firefighters—when they're under an emergency situation, three o'clock in the morning, called to a bloody accident, someone's trapped in a burning car type of situation. Like, my husband's just so cool and calm and collected in that moment, like he's completely present. And in daily life, he's quite a shy, introverted dude, right. But when the shit hits the fan, I've seen his like, he doesn't put on a cabbage head. When I looked at his genetics, he doesn't have that predisposition to having adrenaline much. He doesn't have much of an adrenal response. So he'll come up for a minute, and then he'll be back down very quickly, and he’ll be able to control it. And he also understands, I've taught him more about breathing and all that sort of jazz to help regulate your cortisol and all of that sort of stuff. But it is a predisposition. 

My predisposition, I have a hell of a lot of adrenaline, testosterone up the wazoo, dopamine. I tend to start really responding and taking action. But I have to actually turn on the prefrontal cortex. I have to really focus on that and not just fly around like a blue ass fly going just running into the burning building without thinking about what the hell I'm doing. So, two different responses—and both are very good responses in a way, if you can learn to manage them and control them and bring them on at the right time.

Paul: Yeah, and look, that's where the training element comes into, right? And so, irrespective of what your underlying genetics are, through military training or police or firefighters, they are trained in these situations routinely. And the brain sort of habituates to it and you learn strategies to be effective under that pressure, what we call arousal control strategies, right. So, whether that is—an arousal control can be both ways can be—for people who are generally low, can be getting them up to the right level of arousal. And for people who are a bit too overactive, bringing their arousal down, so they're in that peak performance zone.

Let's say the neuroscientist Amy Ornstein talked about Goldilocks and the Goldilocks effect of stress in the brain. That it can't be too little, because when you're bored or you're under arousal, your performance is just not going to be optimal. But also it can’t be too much. And everybody's got a level of arousal that is too much.

Lisa: Wow. That's a cool analogy. I like that, Goldilocks.

Paul: It's a wonderful analogy. And she's shown, looks at the neurotransmitters that are involved in that—and particularly looking at dopamine and noradrenaline, or norepinephrine, as some people call it, how they're really important in that regulation. But as I say, training, specific training and repetition, can really help people just to get into an automated response. And no matter what their genetic predisposition.

Lisa: So if someone is prone to a lot of anxiety, and maybe depression, what are some of the practical—like, if we start talking a few practical strategies now for people dealing with different issues — and let's start with anxiety and maybe depression—what are some of the things that they can do when their amygdala hijacks you? How do you get a grip on yourself and actually change the physiology? Because you feel some big noise happens, or an earthquake happens, or something and you've got that adrenaline just poured out and you’ve got all this stress cortisol and all that, how do you bring yourself down quickly, get yourself under control? So you don't end up in a panic attack, for example?

Paul: Yeah, so there's both short-term strategies and there's long term adaptive strategies, right? So, and I'll go into both of those things. First of all, it's important to understand what's going on, right? So this is about the autonomic nervous system. And there are—some of your listeners will be aware of this, but there's two branches of the autonomic nervous system. There's the sympathetic nervous system, and the parasympathetic. And the sympathetic is probably badly labelled because it's not very sympathetic, right? It's the one that increases stress, right?

So, and if we think about the response that's going on—so in the brain, the amygdala senses a threat, it sets off a general alarm. And then, the hypothalamus is involved in this, the sympathetic branches is fired up. And for some people, it fires up more than others. But for everybody, when that's fired up, and the vagus nerve is really quite important in this, that's the nerve that connects the brain to the heart, the lungs and all the visceral organs, right? So and the blood pressure goes up, heart rate goes up in order to pump blood to the muscles to give you the fight and runaway, right. And additionally, breathing gets faster and shallower. And then, we know your digestive system is affected and all the blood that is in your digestive system, digesting your food...

Lisa: Your peristalsis.

Paul: It’s shunted away. It’s shunted away to the working muscles, right, we know the immune system is temporarily switched off, the reproductive system’s temporarily switched off because there's no point in ovulating or creating sperm when you're being chased by a lion. It’s a waste of energy, right?

If we think for a second about the long-term consequences when people are in a chronic state of overarousal, even if that's just low baseline overarousal. So, I have a suppressed reproductive system. This is why people who are chronically stressed, and they become infertile. Right? Boom. And this is why they develop digestive system issues like irritable bowel syndrome and stuff like that, which we know can change your microbiome. And then there's a two-way interaction, which we'll talk about later. And the immune system becomes suppressed. That's why people develop—they get sick, and they take longer to recover, whether it's from a wound, whether it's from training load, or whether it's from any type of illness or injury. And then heart damage can happen, right, and with that chronic stress. So that's over activation of the sympathetic branch, and particularly the vagus nerve, right?

What we now know is it's only taken our scientists about 3,000 years to catch up with the knowledge of Yogi's, right? Yeah, exactly. Certain breathing patterns can affect your heart and your brain. And I used to think, all that breathing, I used to think it was fluffy bullshit. Until I get into the science—and Jesus, how wrong was I?

Lisa: Me, too. I must admit, and now I'm doing it 100 times a day.

Paul: Yeah, exactly. So, techniques like box breathing. I'm sure your listeners have probably heard you talk about it.

Lisa: Repeatedly.

Paul: Yeah, breathe in like the sides of a box. Breathe in for four or five seconds, hold for four or five, out for four or five, hold for four or five. And you can also do a modified box breathe, which is in for four, hold for four, out for six, hold for two. And I'll talk about that in a second. There's also something called resonant frequency breathing, which is also really, really beneficial and can actually enhance your what's called heart rate variability, which is a kind of a window into overall stress on the body. 

So, reso-frequency being—you need some equipment to measure it effectively. But generally, everybody listening is probably between four and a half, five breaths and seven breaths a minute. And it's been shown that if you get within one of that, then you could. So I teach people, just generally six breaths a minute, right? So that's 10-second breath cycle, but breathe in for four and out for six. Because the longer breath out—when you breathe in, you are up regulating your sympathetic nervous branch, right? When you breathe out, you're activating the parasympathetic nervous branch. So, the long breath out is really, really key, which is why I talk about the modified box breathing as well. So that resonant frequency breathing, or box breathing can be really, really useful to deal with stuff in and of the moment. Just—it's basically autonomic nervous system controlled through breathing, that’s it.

Lisa: Control your physiology in seconds.

Paul: And the other thing that goes in concert with that, and my wife uses a lot of this, she's qualified in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Japanese psychology. And we're both fans of stoic philosophy. And it is about attention, and all three of these great agree that attention is key. So if we take a step back, people who have anxiety or depression, or just have a beasty mind, they've got a lot of negative self-talk going on, they want to get rid of it, right? But these three approaches, and as they say, look, getting rid of it, it's not really the objective. It's really about where you focus your attention. 

So, if you think of your attention, like a light, and when you're in that stress response, your attention, and it is very internal focused, if you're anxious or depressed, or you're stressed about something that's on that particular thing. But it's an internal experience that you're having. So just shifting your attention outward. If you're not in danger, this is—you just have an anxiety, depression, whatever, just look for the colour blue. That's one thing. Just shine the light of your attention somewhere else.

Lisa: Like a naughty kid who’s having a tantrum. Just distract them.

Paul: Yeah, absolutely. And I call that part of the brain your inner gremlin, that’s responsible for anxiety, depression. And but also just negative self-talk and self-criticism, and anger — all of these things. And the key thing to understand is your gremlin’s like a chameleon, right? It can take many guises. But it's like, if you remember the movie Gremlins, when you feed Mogwai after midnight, it becomes energised and turns into the Gremlin. So, when you shine the light of your attention on the gremlin, it becomes energised. So this is where you just shift your attention either to where's the colour blue or what can I smell?

Lisa: Or breathing.

Paul: Or we like to—or your breathing—yeah, that's another great combination. And I like to talk about shifting your attention to the concept of your inner siege, which is what the Stoic philosophers talked about. That's the optimal version of you. And that's either my best self, me at my best, or some sort of other character that I'm consulting.

Lisa: Ah, yes, I heard you talk about this on Craig’s show. And I was like, that analogy that you use, like there was one with your son, Oscar. And him talk, having Derek, I think it was...

Paul: Yeah, that’s right. Yeah, Derek. Yeah, yeah, yeah.

Lisa: So creating a character around these two polarizing figures. I’m always talking about the lion and the snake in my head. Or Wonder Woman in this chicken shit, who’s me. And we all have this positive, amazing self. And we have the self that's full of self-doubt and imposter syndrome, and I can't do this, and angry, and negative, and cynical. And so it's creating a character. So tell that story a little bit.

Paul: Yeah. So the character thing is really, really powerful. And so I get people to—you've got to bring this character to life, right? So there's a little exercise, which I'll share with you. And you can share with your listeners where, so I call them your inner Gremlin and your inner siege, right? Or you can say whatever you want. So, what do they say first thing in the morning, right? You write that down. Generally your inner Gremlin is the one that says, ‘Press snooze’ or ‘Not another bloody day’, right? But then you go, what do they say when they're faced with a challenge? And then you write down their character strengths and particularly, you focus on your inner siege, what are the character strengths that you have when you're at your best?

And then I like to do a thing called plus ones. Like what are ones that you'd like to develop or have more of? And you write down. So, if it's calm under pressure or being more empathetic, I'm going to write down that my inner siege is calm under pressure, is more empathetic, right? 

And then drawing the characters is a brilliant thing because it brings it to life. And Oscar when he drew the characters, he drew Derek and he drew Flash, who has now actually being replaced with Richie. A little side story. I actually bought a book called The Real McCaw from Richie McCaw because I am a big fan of the All Blacks, and particularly Richie McCaw. And I bought his book, and I was wanting to read it, and it friggin’, it disappeared, and I couldn't find where it was. And one night, I went down to Oscar’s room. He was supposed to be asleep, and he's there reading. And he's reading that book. He'd nicked it from me, and he had a highlighter. He's 10 years old, and he's highlighting stuff what Richie McCaw said, right. So now, his inner siege is called Richie, right?

But when he drew these original ones, he actually did a speech bubble for Derek and it said, ‘I will crush the good ones and I will be the king of Oscar’s head’. How cool is that?

Lisa: And he’s 5 or something.

Paul:  No, he was seven at a time.

Lisa: 7. Oh my god. But I mean, the hard cold, maybe 6, actually. But sometimes kids are so insightful. Because that's what happens, right, is that when that negative character takes a hold of the negative self-talk, it does crush the good self-talk, kind of becomes the king of your head. If you choose to let it, right?

Paul: So my inner siege is called, Jeff. So when I'm struggling, or I need to get myself up, I just go ‘What would Jeff do right now’? Right? And so this is a process in psychology called self-distancing, where you're taking yourself out of the emotional state, and you consult a character or my best friend or whatever, and it actually shows it reduces the emotional intensity. And research shows that people make better choices. They're more courageous, and they make better choices, right. And so that's one, I think, really useful way to shine the light of your attention. So, the process that I use, depending on who's around, right, if someone's having a bit of an anxiety or just a bit of negative stuff, I like discharge, recharge, reframe. So think about it, it’s stress hormones, right? If somebody’s having an anxiety, get it out. You got to discharge those stress hormones. When you run away...

Lisa: Go for a run.

Paul: ...you come back to homeostasis, right. And I find, even 30 seconds of intense activity is enough. So, you discharge the stress hormones, then you recharge by your breathing, right. So you're doing that breathing and you're focusing on your breathing. And then, so your amygdala hijack is gone now. Use you're focusing on the breathing, and then you reframe and you go, ‘Okay, what would Jeff do right now’? Or ‘What would my character do right now’? Or, if I've written down all my character strengths, what action do I need to take right now to display those characteristics? Right? So the Japanese psychology, Morita Therapy, there's this beautiful term called, arugamama, right? It is what it is. And then they say, ‘What needs to be done’? And the stoics are very much like that — what do we need to do right now? So it's very action focused. Right? And so that is something that I think works for me well.

Lisa: Yeah. Because it sort of removes yourself so that you're looking—it's like looking down on yourself. Because this brain of ours is like a thought factory, it just keeps going and talking and chattering and go, go, go, go. And yeah, emotions take over, amygdala often is in control of our prefrontal cortex. And if we can separate ourselves and sort of hover over ourselves—and I've been looking into stuff like what happens after death because I just recently lost my dad and all those questions. ‘How do I connect to my dad on the other side’? All of that sort of jazz that nobody can bloody answer, really. 

Paul: Yeah, if you get the answer, let me know.

Lisa: Yeah, I’m working on it. I'm really trying to get it out. But a lot of talking about the connection to the other side and opening up those channels, and to me, it's like, okay. So just from a brain point of view, if I just separate myself out from my brain, like, if you believe that we are a spiritual being and so our brain, our body, we're just walking around in this earthly body, but we have a higher self, if you like. So, it’s this higher self looking at that brain going, ‘Oh she's running that stupid program again that she learned when she was seven. It's no longer relevant here, I need to change the recording, and I need to change up’. 

So it's just giving yourself a way of separating yourself from the actual emotions that your body is feeling, your physiology is feeling like now. And for me, a lot of it is, when I get anxious and stuff, I will just go and sprint for 50 metres. Like you say, it doesn't have to be long, it might be 2 minutes. It just comes back, reset myself. Sometimes if it's a really bad situation or whatever, I'll have a little cry that discharges more energy. And then I pick myself up and we'll get on with it, and we'll do a breathing, and we'll get back into gear. And just having those little tools in your toolbox can really help you manage the day-to-day crap that comes at us. And even in the big situations, the really traumatic ones, I've used those situations regularly—just remove myself for a minute from the situation, go and get my shit together. And then come back into the situation. And that can really help if you have the luxury of doing that.

So, I think these are really, really important because people often think, well, they look at someone like you and all your achievements and all stuff that you've done—or even in all the races that I've done. ‘No, never. I could never do that’. And that's your automatic negative thoughts coming in, your angst, as Dr. Daniel Amen talks about, they just pop up. And you need to realize that that isn't you, that's just your brain doing its thing. And you can choose not to believe that brain when it tells you you're not good enough, or you're not sexy enough, or you're not pretty enough, you're not strong enough, whatever the case may be. You can go, ‘No, I'm not listening to that’. And I'm diverting, and what you're saying, is divert your attention.

Paul: Yeah, absolutely. And those answers are automatic negative thoughts. In Morita Therapy, Japanese psychology, it's basically, it’s a story. It's a story that we tell ourselves, and there are a number of different stories. And it depends what story we pay attention to. And because when you pay attention to a particular story, when we think about what's happening in the brain, that self-concept, or that idea that ‘I'm not good enough’, is basically what we call a neural net in the brain, right? It's a bunch of neurons that are firing together for a concept or a thought or a particular line of thinking. 

And the Scottish neuroscientist Donald Hebb showed in the 1950s, it's called Hebbian Learning. And it's a well-accepted way of the brain works, nerve cells that fire together, wire together. Right? So every time you're repeating that thought, or paying attention to it, you're strengthening it. And he showed that eventually, after a certain amount of repetitions—and we don't know the magic number—but that circuit becomes what's called long-term potentiation. This means that this circuit is primed for firing. And it means that then even neutral information is more likely to fire off that circuit, right? And every time you're paying attention to it, you're strengthening it. 

So, the other approach is to go, ‘Thanks, Gremlin’, or ‘Thanks, brain. Thanks for that story that you're telling me. But it's not helpful right now’. Right. And that's where you focus on another story, or a particular affirmation that people might have. A different story, I've got this, whatever, it's another neural net. And every time you're focusing on it, and paying attention to it, you're strengthening it, right? So it's about interrupting the old and maladaptive, unhelpful thought patterns...

Lisa: That we all have.

Paul: ...and actually creating new ones. And every time you catch yourself—this is why the first part of all of this is about being the watcher. It's about being the watcher in your own brain. And for lots of people, this is a frigging revelation, that they can actually watch their thoughts, and do it with curiosity. And go, ‘Wow, there's an interesting negative thought. And that's an interesting negative’... 

Lisa: Great example!

Paul: Yeah. And then be curious and go, ‘Well, what would a more positive thought actually be’? Right? So you can trick yourself into having these positive thoughts and every time you're doing it, you're laying down and strengthening those networks in the brain, right? So like anything, like you didn't become awesome at what you did by doing it once and then boom, that's it. It's about repetition, repetition, repetition.

So, really the first step is being the watcher, and then just repeatedly intervening, and going, ‘Actually, I have a choice’, right? And what's called in Acceptance Commitment Therapy, the choice point. And Viktor Frankl talked about it, the Jewish psychiatrist who was imprisoned in Auschwitz. And I read his book as a 17-year-old, had a pretty profound effect on me. He said, in between stimulus and response, is the space where we have the ability to choose. And he talked about the last of human freedoms, is your ability to choose how you react to your circumstances, whether they be external circumstances or circumstances in your head, we all have that ability to choose how we're reacting, right. And choosing what we actually focus on. And it's this light of attention, that I think is really, really powerful.

So when we wrap it all up in those characters, and then we're repeatedly doing it, and then people are waking up in the morning, and actually spending a few minutes saying, ‘Okay, who am I going to be today? What version of me is going to interact with the world’? And every time they observe negativity going, ‘Well, I say I've got a choice right now. What would Jeff do right now’? Right? Before they walk into their office, and just before you walk in the door, just think, ‘What do I need to do to express those characteristics of my best self’? And especially when you come home, particularly if you've had a shitty day, you just spend 10 or 15 seconds going, ‘Okay, there's a choice here and what version of me, do my partner, my little kids want to see walk into the room’? Right? 

And it's just that little mental rehearsal, as you'll have done hundreds of thousands of times as an athlete and every world class athlete does this mental rehearsal because that shit works. Get your game face on.

Lisa: Get your game face. I have this analogy and I've told this story before on the podcast but when I was doing this race in the Himalayas and absolutely terrified, 222 K's of extreme altitude...

Paul: Jesus Christ!

Lisa: And I’m an asthmatic with a small set of lungs, who did mostly deserts for a particular reason. And I was absolutely packing myself, and I got my crew together like two days before and I said, ‘You have to protect me, my brain. You have to like tell me how amazing I am. Every time a negative thought comes up, I want you to sort of shout it down for me and protect me from everyone else’. 

And on the day of the actual event, they did that and they really helped me get my shit under control because I was really losing it. Like I was just terrified I'd had a concussion in the build-up, I'd had to rip some ligaments, so I hadn't had a good build up. And it was the scariest thing I've done at the time. And I've done some other scary crazier shit but that was pretty up there. 

And on race day, you wake up and you have that moment for a second where you go, ‘Oh shit. It’s that day’. That day you've been  preparing for, for a year and a half, but it's that day and you've got to get up and face down 222Ks in the mountains in extreme temperature, extreme altitude, and no air and things. And I'm putting on my gear, and then that person changes. When I put on my running gear...

Paul: That’s your thing. Right.

Lisa: It’s my thing. That's my ritual.

Paul: That’s your siege.

Lisa: When I put on a number, there's a different person in front of you. And that person is a freaking warrior.

Paul: Machine, yeah.

Lisa: Yeah, in my head. I’m not, but I am in my head, in that moment, I am Wonder Woman. I'm Gal Gadot. I can do any freaking thing and I’m telling myself the story, I'm telling myself the story in order to create the chemicals in my body that I need just to get to the freaking start line and not run the other way because I'm terrified. 

And then, once you start and you're in the battle, you're in the battle. You're in it. There's no way out but through. And then you have to bring in all the guns. Over the period of the next 53 hours, I had to bring out all of the stock, sort of things, to get through every crisis that came. And these voices in your head are pretty freaking loud after 50 something hours out there.

Paul: That they bloody well are, yeah.

Lisa: Yeah, but when you go—because one of the other analogies that I wanted to bring up that you talked so well about in one of the interviews was the small circle and the big circle. And the small circle is your comfort zone. That's you, that's the life that you're living when you're in your comfy world and you're not pushing outside the zone. And you’re staying safe because you're too frightened to jump out into the big circle is what you can be, and your potential. 

But out there, in that big circle, it's freaking scary, it's hard work, it's terrifying, there’s risk of failure, there's all sorts of things. And everybody wants to be that big person that does these, lives this full life, that reaches their—none of us will reach our full potential, but we're reaching a heck of a lot of potential. And not living in the safe, little comfortable, ‘I'm scared’ world. And pushing yourself every single today to do shit that hurts, that’s hard, scares the crap out of you. And then coming back and recovering.

Paul: It’s critical, right? And I called that big circle, our scientists will refer to that as the zone of productive disequilibrium, right?

Lisa: Those are scientists’ words?

Paul: Yeah, exactly. So you're out of balance, you're out of whack. But it is where adaptation happens. And this is the problem. So we are by our very nature, we are comfort seekers, right. And just because all of our history has been of discomfort, and so it's pretty natural that we're comfort seekers. The problem is that we have an ancient genome in a modern world. Our genome hasn't changed in 45,000 years, right. And for the vast majority of our human history, we had lots of discomfort, life was uncomfortable, and we became the dominant species on Earth, largely because we adapted better to environmental stressors and pressures than other species right.

Now, what's happened in the last 100 years since the Industrial Revolution, particularly in the last 30 years, is that we have stopped adapting to our environment, and we've started changing it. And recently, we've changed our environment to such a level that we're no longer optimally matched to it genetically, right. So when we seek comfort, we get soft, we develop a soft underbelly. And this is what a lot of the positive psychology people do not talk about, is that getting comfortable with being uncomfortable. 

And you can just do this, quite simply, if you're sitting listening to this, think of your biggest achievement in your life, something that you are most proud of. And I guarantee you, for almost every listener, it will involve stress and being out of your comfort zone. But we need to hang with the tension long enough for adaptation to happen. And lots of people spend most of their life in that little small circle, the comfort zone, and they dip their toe into the uncomfortable zone of productive disequilibrium. They go, ‘This is uncomfortable. I'm getting right out of here’. No good shit ever happened in your comfort zone. Right?

Lisa: It’s a quote from Paul Taylor, ‘No good shit ever happens in your comfort zone’. You gotta put that one on the wall.

Paul: It’s like past 2am. Right?  That's the thing, no good shit happens there. So, it is about seeking discomfort. And one of my things, which you actually exemplify much better than me, but it’s that get comfortable with being uncomfortable. Right? Yeah, that's really key. And I think we have, as a generation, particularly in the West, we have got comfortable with being comfortable. And we are comfort seekers.

Lisa: Getting cosy all the time.

Paul: It's all, it's served up to us everywhere. And we're prompted to buy things and do things that make us comfortable. And it's natural to want to go there. But it's not self-serving.

Lisa: But our biology isn't, our epi genome isn't suited.

Paul: Absolutely not.

Lisa: Getting out of that thermoneutral zone, for example, like cold showers, cold water, hot. All of these things that are outside the neutral zone are where the change happens, from a physiological point of view. If I hop into a sauna, I'm going to create heat-shock proteins, I’m gonna sweat. That's going to cause all this cascade of events in my body that will make me stronger. The next time when I go to the gym and I work out with weights, then I'm going to be sore and I'm going to be breaking down the tissues. What happens is a cascade of events that makes me stronger for next week.

Paul: And here's the thing, right, that if somebody wants, if somebody goes one, if someone hasn’t been trained for ages and particularly, they’re bloke. And they go riding got to get back and then they go to a CrossFit class or F 45 hard core. And they go, ‘Jesus. That was ridiculous. I'm never doing that again’. But then you're not going to adapt, right? You only get bigger, faster, stronger, because you hang with the tension long enough for adaptation to happen right.

Now, seeking comfort, we should do that when we're in recovery, right? But a lot of people, and we should really define the difference between recovery and relaxation. Right? Recovery isn't sitting with your feet up with a bottle of wine watching Netflix, right? Recovery is stuff that is actually energising you, right? It’s doing the breathing stuff, it’s doing the meditation, doing the tai chi, the qi gong, those sorts of things, yoga. Or for some people, it's drawing, it's reading a book, it's connecting with others, it's gardening, it's spending time in nature. These are all things that really help us with that balance between stress and recovery. And when, if we get that right, the stress becomes used stress. And if we are just exposed to that too much or don't get the recovery, right, it's de stress. And then we can go into burnout/overtraining syndrome, which then when you look at the physiology between overtrained athletes and burnt out executives and depressed people, it’s almost identical.

Lisa: Yeah. And like, I've had to try to get my head around this because when you're an athlete—and I grew up in a household where being tough was cool. And physical toughness and mental toughness were what was valued and what was rewarded in my family. So therefore, I have this complete construct in my head that if you're not tough, and you're not hard ass all the time, then you're useless. And I had to deconstruct that a little bit because that lead me to burnout, that broke me, that lead to hell of a lot of pain in sickness and all sorts of things.

Now, as I'm hopefully older and wiser, I know that my body also has a full on and it has to have a full off. And that recovery is really important. And that recovery can be cuddling the cat, it can be going to the beach with my husband and just staring at the waves for half an hour to recover. It doesn't have to be something epic, and it can be something like the sauna or your hyperbaric over the air, or something like that, that's physically going to help me recover or mentally help me recover. And those are as important—and not feeling guilty for not being hard ass all of the time. Because a lot of my listeners are athletes and people that like to push hard all the time, type A personalities. And that can be, have the flip side, when you're just outside your comfort zone all the time you’re pushing too hard for too long without any recovery as well.

Paul: And you know, there’s some interesting emerging neuroscience in this area is that people who are like that, who are those type A personalities, who are very goal driven, they tend to be very dopamine driven. Whereas when you get that out of whack, that balance between dopamine and serotonin, and it's not good, and it leads to risk of burnout. So serotonin, to simplify things really, dopamine is all about achievement. It's about goal directed behaviour and motivation. So it's pushing you to do, do, achieve, achieve, in that context, right?

Lisa: Get that reward.

Paul: But then, there is this whole serotonin driven system, which is more about contentment, relaxation and connection, that sort of stuff. And I find that there are a lot of high achievers who are at risk of burnout because they're just on, on, on. And not enough serotonin focus stuff, but just contentment, relaxation, connection with others, time in nature, all of that sort of stuff.

Lisa: And that can be genetic, too.

Paul: Absolutely. There are genes that will influence where your brain is wired. And then there's upbringing as well, that goes into it. And so, it's really about trying to discover that balance. And that balance is different for different people. Right? That’s the thing, that we all need to find our own. But it's just—it is getting the understanding that proper active recovery is not about sitting, drinking wine watching Netflix, right? That's relaxation, there's a place for it.

Lisa: There's a place for that, too.

Paul: And I’m not saying you don't do it. But I'm saying, we need to think about recovery. We need to think particularly around sleep hygiene, you mentioned that earlier on, how crucial that is. You need to think about exercise. I mean, you mentioned heat shock proteins, which I'm in love with heat and cold shock proteins.

Lisa: Yeah. Me, too.

Paul: Because they—not only do they drive stress adaptation. But there is some evidence and I see, there's going to be a shitload more right? Because in the military, the British military, British Navy has been training soldiers for over a thousand years, right. And they have just noticed that the fittest individuals seem to be able to handle greater amounts of emotional and psychological stress. So, it's no surprise that special forces guys are the fittest, right? And their training is more brutal physically. 

But there's only been a few studies, actually. I thought there'd be a ton, and I'm mostly focusing on this in my PhD. It is that, what's called the cross stressor hypothesis, that when you become, expose yourself to more high intensity exercise, and high intensity interval training, that sort of stuff, and also called exposure and heat exposure. And not only do you become resistant—stress resistant in those areas, but there is a spill over into other areas of your life, right? There's this adaptive response that crosses over stressors. And I'm a massive fan of that.

And again, it's something that the positive psychology guys don't get, is that cross stressor and drive

Lisa: Of energy.

Paul: Of actually yeah, yeah, yeah, of doing that. But then as I said, again, we need to balance that out with recovery. We need to make sure that our nutrition is actually supporting us, right. And a lot of athletes, they are on two...

Lisa: I have to get you back on for a whole episode on nutrition…

Paul: Yeah. There is an absolute chasm when you get into but because a lot of your guys are athletes. A lot of those guys are too carbohydrate focused and that, that shit’s bad for your health in the long run. You look at what's called Professor Tim Noakes, who wrote the Lore of Running. And he said, ‘I got it wrong’, he said, ‘You cannot outrun a bad diet’. Right? Yeah, too much of that carbohydrates.

Lisa: Why? I started running, so I can eat more. Apparently that doesn’t work.

Paul: Yeah. But you get into glycation end products from carbohydrate metabolism. And particularly for athletes who are ultra guys, you’re looking at becoming fat adapted. And there's Professor Grant Schofield, I'm sure you know over there. He's a mega mind, who's done a lot of research in this area. Have you had Grant on your podcast?

Lisa: No, no.

Paul: You need to get Grant Schofield on your podcast. He’s an ex-triathlon and Ironman guy, and he's a professor at Auckland University of Technology.

Lisa: Yeah, I know who he is. But I haven't had him on so. So, hook me up then.

Paul: The dude is brilliant. But yeah, what I'm getting at is that the approach to peak performance needs to be a more holistic one, where you really—you're looking at your sleep, your sleep hygiene, you're looking at exposing yourself to manageable amounts of stress, and then recovery. You're doing those used stress activities, you're also fuelling yourself, right. And then you're doing a lot around your mind, your mindset, around optimising your thought processes, building those, reframing negative events. 

But then there's other stuff around connecting to others, understanding your values, your virtues and connecting your behaviours to those. And then there's a whole heap of science around creating habits because there's lots of people listening, going, ‘Yeah, yeah, yeah. That's cool. I want to do all that’. And then they don't do shit, right?

Lisa: Everyone wants to be epic, and no one wants to do the hard work.

Paul: That's exactly right. But I mean, there's a lot of neuroscience behind that. To be epic, that's a long term response. And the brain—it’s just one more concept I want to introduce to your listeners is around temporal discounting, right? So the brain will discount and rewards and benefits that are far off in the future. Because we may not live, right?

Lisa: We want the immediate.

Paul: Yeah, when someone's sitting here going, ‘Yeah, I'm really motivated. I want to do all this, I want to become really fit and whatever’. And the brain is going, ‘Yes, yes, yes, I want that. But it's actually quite far away. It might be months or years away’. And then, they're presented later on with the glass of wine, the Krispy Kreme donut, and that's immediate. It's immediate, and we are driven around immediacy, and because that reward is right there, the brain will actually give extra value to it, and it will discount stuff in the future. So that is a reason why it's so hard. Then we know that if somebody becomes obese, because they're overeating, or somebody is a drug addict or an alcoholic or has taken drugs or alcohol—a lot of them. We know that that temporal discounting is actually accentuated in their brain, right? So they are less able to control at the moment and they discount stuff that's further in the future. So, it's even harder for those guys to make decisions, right? 

And then there's a whole heap of habituation that goes on in the brain that we really don't have time to get into right now. But it's understanding this is complex, right? It's not just about the science, it's about how your brain actually works around that. So, I like to work with people around, let's identify your virtues and your values. And let's match the behaviours to those things, right? Because when you do that, you're much more likely to do it, and there’s a whole exercise.

Lisa: So, it’s looking at what's motivating you deeply.

Paul: It's yes, deeply the emotional connection. So not only that I do a lot of stuff on your why, Anthony Robbins said, ‘Find your why, you find your way’. But he stole it from Frederick Nietzsche, the German philosopher, who said, ‘He who has a why to live can bear almost any high’. Right? So I do a lot of stuff on finding your why. And it's got to be an emotional connection. But then it's about identifying what are your core virtues and your core values, and then matching that behaviour, right, to those values. 

So, for instance, if somebody’s way of values is family, and they want to lose weight, I would be going, right, ‘Let's connect that with family’, right. How usefully you're going to be as a dad or as a mum to your kid, if you're dead or if you've got a heart attack, or if you have diabetes, and then you become a burden on your family? So, let's connect what you're doing on a daily basis to family. And let's get a way to remind you, when you're faced with that choice, this is about family, right?

So, there are a lot of things that people can do. Hopefully, there's a few little snippets there of how they can actually use neuroscience and psychology to help them to change those behaviours, or help them to get towards their goals.

Lisa: And understanding, like, the more I learn about the things, it takes away some of the guilt and shame that's associated. Because when we fail, ‘I'm going to do the diet, and I'm going to be good’. And then five minutes later, you bloody fall over and do something you shouldn't have done. And that's part of the human condition and understanding that it's very complex. 

This is why I love having these conversations, because I learn obviously a ton from people like you, but it also just helps us have these conversations around removing the guilt and the shame associated with failing. Because if you understand that it's neurotransmitters at play, and then there's the way that you were conditioned, and there is a genetic component, the choices that you've made up to now, you may have made some bad choices, because of all this combination of things. It's not always 100% your fault, but that doesn't mean that it's not 100% your responsibility to do something about it from here on and then.

Paul: That’s exactly right. Also, people need to understand that people are motivated differently with goals, right? So you're very goal focused, I could tell, and big, hairy, audacious goals drive you right. And some of your listeners will be the same, particularly those who are more athletic, we know that they are driven by that. But for some people, and big goals are not good, right? 

Particularly when you have people who need a lot of weight loss. If I had clients in the past who needed that, I'd say right, ‘What's your goal’? If they said it's 20 kilos, 30 kilos, and it's months away, I'd be like, ‘Right. Write that shit down somewhere. Forget about it’. Right? And what are you going to do in the next three months? Then what are you going to do in the next month? And then what are you going to do in the next week? Write your goals, right because for some people, that big goal, say somebody, Missus Narcan Furken, or Mr Narcan Furken wants to lose those 30 kilos, he's got it written on his mirror, all of that, he's got his why there. That 30 kilos every day is a reminder that he's a failure. Because it’s really far away.

Lisa: Because it’s too big.

Paul: It’s too far away. And his brain can't connect what he's doing on a daily basis. So, some people—and I like to get people to experiment with it, but I like to break those Goldstein, longest I'd like people to focus on if they're not a gun like nutter, like you, is three months. Then, what's your one month then? Then, what's your weekly weigh point?

Lisa: Yeah, yeah. And I mean, I need that, to. When you enter big, hairy audacious goal, you do have to break it down. Like when I ran through New Zealand, I've told this analogy before but 2250 kilometres and I'm standing at the start line, bawling my eyes out going ‘Oh, God, dude. 2000 kilometres. What was I thinking’? And my mum just said to me, ‘Get to that first bloody power pole. That's your job right now’. For the first half an hour, stop looking at the hugeness of that and just break it down into what do I have to do right now, the next half an hour? 

And I use it too, sometimes when you're making a little decisions, and you're trying to make that decision. Because people think often, and I know we need to wrap it up, but people think often that, ‘Oh, you're an athlete. You just love running and you're just totally into training and you're just fully motivated all the time’. I can tell you 90% of the time when I go training, I don't feel like training. But you learn to do it anyway. And you just take—I trick my brain into going on, I just put my gear on a bit of stretching, and, a bit of jumping around, see how it feels. And when I've done that little bit, it's like, well, you're here now your mouths will carry on.

Paul: Love it. So I call that an enabling behaviour. Right? So I'm a big fan of when you come home from work, put your exercise gear on, right? Lots of people come home from work. And when I do workshops, I say ‘Who comes up for work and puts their pyjamas on’. The amount of people that go, ‘Yes, that's me’. I'm like, ‘What is that shit priming your brain to do to sit on there hours on the couch with a glass of wine or a beer, right? When you come home, put your exercise gear on, right? Because it just primes you to be more active. You don't have to do anything else. Just put your exercise gear, but then, you're a shitload more likely to be more active, to do a workout, or just to move around more’, right? And it's like, you don't want to go for a run? Fine. All you got to do is you got to put your exercise gear on. You got to get to your letterbox and then you make your decision. And if it’s, no come back in.

Lisa: Yeah, and do it all fine. And sometimes, I do come back. Like, get up the morning, you say, ‘Well, I’ll go for a kilometre. And if I'm not feeling it, because I'm really not. And if I'm really not feeling it, then there's a reason that I'm not going to be there’. And then I'll go home. And I've learned to listen to my body and do that. And I mean, I just go into my running gear all day, every day. Because if you have a crazy busy life like me, it's like, ‘Oh, I've got 20 minutes, right’. And that's the other thing I wanted to say, you don't have to have a full hour for it to be a training session. Get 10 minutes here and 20 minutes there and 10 minutes there, that adds up. So doing those micro commitments sometimes is another way to trick yourself

Paul: Yeah, I'm a big fan of movement snacks. So right over in the corner, in my office is club bells. So I can just see the club bell, go up, pick them up, do some stuff and then boom. 30 seconds a minute right? People think you have to go to the gym to be active, horseshit!

Lisa: An hour and a half at the gym. If I spend an hour and a half at the gym, I would be absolutely knackered because I only need 20 to 30 minutes generally at the gym. Because I’m in there, plus my warm up—do your warm up properly, people—I can be exhausted in 10 minutes if I want…

Paul: Oh, absolutely. I say if you're in the gym more than 20 or 30 minutes, you're not working hard enough. Unless you're doing a strength training, component big heavy and you need that, then that’s good.

Lisa: That's different because I need to rest in between.

Paul: There’s always nuance, right?

Lisa: There’s nuance to that.

Hey, look, Paul, I'm very respectful of your time. I'm very grateful for your knowledge, it’s just insane, I could really love to have you back on the show at some stage if I may be so bold to ask again and to talk nutrition perhaps next time. So, this one's been all about resilience and how to get a control your biology, and it has been absolutely wonderful. 

Where can people connect with you, get you as a speaker? You do a whole lot of stuff. How do people follow your work, your podcast, all that sort of good stuff?

Paul: Yeah. So, Mind Body Brain. Yeah, and people don't understand me when I say brain. So mindbodybrain.com.au. My podcast is The Mind Body Brain Project. And actually, I’m just releasing my first ever public course, with my wife, who's the Japanese psychology person and ACT. So we're doing a Better You program, you can find out more details on that. It's all online and webinars and stuff, deep dives into all of that stuff there. So I'm really excited about that. But that's really where you find out.

But I just want to say the reason why I have to go is that I'm actually going to see a PT for the first time, probably ever. And I'll tell you why. Because I need a hip replacement, and I'm shit at doing my rehab. And I realized I need accountability. So I actually find someone who lives quite close to me, who actually did my course because I used to certify personal trainers. And there's a bit of ego going, ‘You don't need to see a personal trainer, you know all this shit’. But I actually need the accountability.

Lisa: We all need coaches.

Paul: Yeah, for accountability, because then I do that shit. And I know, I'm going to go in and see that and she's going to go, ‘Have you done your rehab’? Right. So she's holding me accountable.

Lisa: You're using that little trick to do something that you don't really want to do, but you know you have to do. And that’s the little tricks, and what I like about that too, is that you don't have to beg an ego to go and actually learn from someone that you've taught. Everybody needs coaches. I have so many coaches. I feel like I'm being bossed around all the time. Like, because I want to learn from the best. I want to be pushed and challenged and stuff, and I love having mentors and people that keep me in line where I need to be in line. And each of us needs that.

Paul: Absolutely. And the ego gets in the way and you know what? I've learned stuff from someone that did my course, which is really cool. Don’t let that bloody ego get in the way.

Lisa: No. Paul Taylor, you've been absolute legend today. Thank you so much. I can't wait to have you back on again.

Paul: And I can't wait to get you on my podcast and explore things a little bit. So, looking forward to it.

That's it this week for Pushing The Limits. Be sure to rate, review and share with your friends and head over and visit Lisa and her team at lisatamati.com.

The information contained in this show is not medical advice it is for educational purposes only and the opinions of guests are not the views of the show. Please seed your own medical advice from a registered medical professional.

Our hormones affect almost every aspect of your body. Mood, metabolism and many physical processes are all governed by hormones. However, you might not recognise just how unique you are genetically. Our genetic profile and predisposition to certain hormones impact our daily lives more than we think it does. Learning more about ourselves can drastically improve our quality of life and allow us to make informed and empowered decisions.

Dr Mansoor Mohammed joins us in this episode to explain the importance of understanding our genetic predisposition and the hormone cascade. He also talks about women's hormones. Finally, he explains why we should take our genetic profile into account before experimenting with pharmaceutical treatments and different types of therapy.

If you want to know more about the science behind your genetics and hormones, this episode is for you.

Hormone Report with The DNA Company

Please note The DNA Company is based in Canada and this price is in Canadian dollars. It may take up to 6 weeks depending on where you are located in the world for your results to get back to you.

For any questions, please email lisa@lisatamati.com.

Here are three reasons why you should listen to the full episode:

1. Understand why it is essential to learn about the nuances of the menstrual cycle. 
2. Discover your individuality as a person going through hormonal cascades.
3. Learn more about the effect of estrogen and why being on the pill fundamentally changes you up to the cellular level.

Resources

• Your DNA Company Female Hormone Profile Report
• In the FLO by Alisa Vitti
• The DNA Company
• The DNA Company on Facebook

Episode Highlights

[06:47] The Journey Going Through Hormones

• Menarche is the first menstrual cycle, which is when a female enters young womanhood. After menarche comes pre-menopause, perimenopause and then post-menopause.
• Our sex hormones are fundamental at a holistic, physiological and phenotypic level, as they affect functions at the cellular level.
• Hormones have a circadian nature, which affects metabolism, oxidative stress and other physiological processes.
• Some of the top female athletes in the world are still unaware of their menstrual cycles’ health and how it affects them.
• The phases of the menstrual cycle and variety of hormones affect ligament flexibility, likelihood of injury and exercise response, among others.

[12:45] The Circadian Rhythm of Hormones

• The nuances of your hormonal circadian rhythm rely heavily upon your genetic predisposition.
• Women have different mental, emotional and physical responses, depending on where they are in their cycle.
• We should focus on the individuality of women when it comes to the genetic traits of their hormonal circadian rhythms.
• Females need to listen to their bodies and be wary of one-size-fits-all approaches to hormones such as birth control. The pill can either be a saving grace or bring complications.

[18:39] Understanding Hormones, Treatment and Therapies

• Even without the extremes such as hormonally-related cancers, daily issues such as migraines, fatigue, weight gain, and nutrient deficiencies can occur.
• Knowing your innate tendencies is essential to feeling healthy and optimal.
• Most women enter womanhood without clearly understanding their innate patterns. This lack of understanding forces them to accept the routine or resort to pharmaceutical treatment.
• Symptoms of what was thought of as supposedly lyme disease and other complications vanish when women enter pregnancy.
• Some hydroxy-dominant women have a genetic predisposition to inflammation and oxidative stress due to hormones, regardless of their diet.

[29:44] Estrogen and Testosterone

• Estrogen is essentially aromatised testosterone.
• Four hydroxy estrogen metabolites in men contribute to prostate enlargement, leading to inflammation.
• Men who have a genetic predisposition to aggressively convert estrogen into metabolites are more likely to experience benign prostatic hyperplasia.
• Both men and women will benefit from understanding their tendencies when it comes to converting metabolites.

[35:57] Athleticism, Menstrual Health and Birth Control

• Some women can eat the same food and do the same exercises but can never achieve the same musculature.
• World-class athletes need to understand their monthly cycle thoroughly to be in an optimal state.
• Being on the pill makes you estrogenised for 21 days instead of the usual five days, which can be wonderful or detrimental for you depending on your genetic makeup.
• Estrogen binding to its receptors radically changes gene expression. Being on the pill fundamentally changes you on a cellular level.
• The pill can be right or wrong for you; taking it is not a trivial matter. Women aren't designed to be estrogenised continuously in the long-term, as it affects mitochondrial efficiency.

[47:46] The Effect of Having a Proclivity to Produce 4-Hydroxy and Being on the Pill

• Being on the pill exacerbates the effects of having a genetic predisposition to inflammatory and oxidative traits in hormones.
• Women who already have a disadvantageous genetic profile expose themselves to greater toxicity if they estrogenise themselves non-stop.
• Estrogen isn't evil, and it keeps us young. However, we have to find a balance.
• Listen to the full episode to understand the entire process and the chemical processes and genetic pathways involved!

[53:32] The Importance of Cellular Balance

• Cells have other receptors, and there has to be a proper balance and circadian rhythms to have healthy processes.
• Optimal health comes when the presence of hormones come in optimal waves.
• There are many nutraceutical or nutritional intake and environmental exposures that can further slow down essential processes. An example is a glass of red wine.
• If you know your genetic predispositions, you can improve your quality of life.
• This knowledge empowers us to make choices to either live a healthier life or at least mitigate negative consequences and know our genetic limits.

[1:03:57] Hormonal Implications for Men

• Older men can erroneously assume testosterone is the magic fix to declining sex drive and athletic performance due to aging.
• However, the reality is that you may have a genetic predisposition to convert testosterone into estrogen and become more estrogenised.
• These have implications with undergoing testosterone replacement therapy and can undermine your goals.

7 Powerful Quotes from This Episode

‘Your listeners have to understand that the way in which their bodies respond to these hormones define and contribute every aspect of cellular function’.

‘Few aspects of medicine are as boldly innately different as the nuances and the individuality of a young woman's innate genetic control of the circadian rhythm’.

‘It defines why she can eat the same foods, exercise the same as her mate, in fact, exercise more than her mate and be fit and be beautiful and be strong, but never get that cut or that sort of musculature’.

‘When you are naturally menstruating, there's only a window of about five to seven days, give or take, in your 28- or 30-day or thereabouts, where you are in your unit, but recycle that your body is actively producing estrogens. Those estrogens are actively circulating in your bloodstream. And the cells of your body are actively responding to that estrogen’.

‘It's about the balance... A healthy female cell is one that is having, it's a traffic system, and it's one that is being trafficked into it at the proper ratios at the proper circadian pulses and rhythms’.

‘If you do not know these things, you're going to be at risk of using a one size fits all approach that will be beneficial for 10%, 20%, 50% of women, but that most certainly equally can be deleterious for a group of young women, unwittingly’.

‘This is about empowerment, it is the empowerment of being informed — being informed about your unique predisposition. What is your operating manual, making your more normative choices, if you will, of these cascades? And then how do you optimise the things that you want to do and the things you don't want to do’?

About Dr Mansoor

Dr Mansoor Mohammed is the President and CSO of The DNA Company, a leading and innovative provider of comprehensive Functional Genomics testing, consulting and personalised health solutions.

He is widely regarded as a pioneer in medical genomics and has been the recipient of multiple academic and industry awards. He is the holder of several patents in the general fields of molecular diagnostics and genomics research and is one of the most sought-after national and international conference speakers in the genre of personalised medicine.

Prior to his role at The DNA Company, Dr Mansoor was also the former Founder and President of ManaGene, CEO of Combimatrix, Director of Genomics at Quest Diagnostics and Director of Research and Development at Spectral Genomics.

He continuously maintains an active clinical practice as a genomics consultant to some of the leading executive health clinics in Canada and abroad, has served on the Canadian Board of Autistic Research and is a consultant to the world-renowned Toronto Center of Applied Genomics.

If you want to learn more about Dr Mansoor and his work on genetics, you may visit his website. Alternatively, you can check out his Facebook and Twitter.

Personalised Health Optimisation Consulting with Lisa Tamati

Lisa offers solution focused coaching sessions to help you find the right answers to your challenges.

Topics Lisa can help with: 

Lisa is a Genetics Practitioner, Health Optimisation Coach, High Performance and Mindset Coach.

She is a qualified Ph360 Epigenetics coach and a clinician with The DNA Company and has done years of research into brain rehabilitation, neurodegenerative diseases and biohacking.

She has extensive knowledge on such therapies as hyperbaric oxygen,  intravenous vitamin C, sports performance, functional genomics, Thyroid, Hormones, Cancer and much more. She can assist with all functional medicine testing.

Testing Options

• Comprehensive Thyroid testing

• DUTCH Hormone testing

• Adrenal Testing

• Organic Acid Testing

• Microbiome Testing

• Cell Blueprint Testing

• Epigenetics Testing

• DNA testing

• Basic Blood Test analysis

• Heavy Metals 

• Nutristat

• Omega 3 to 6 status

and more 

Lisa and her functional medicine colleagues in the practice can help you navigate the confusing world of health and medicine .

She can also advise on the latest research and where to get help if mainstream medicine hasn't got the answers you are searching for whatever the  challenge you are facing from cancer to gut issues, from depression and anxiety, weight loss issues, from head injuries to burn out to hormone optimisation to the latest in longevity science. Book your consultation with Lisa 

Join our Patron program and support the show

Pushing the Limits' has been free to air for over 8 years. Providing leading edge information to anyone who needs it. But we need help on our mission. 

Please join our patron community and get exclusive member benefits (more to roll out later this year) and support this educational platform for the price of a coffee or two

You can join by going to  Lisa's Patron Community

Or if you just want to support Lisa with a "coffee" go to 

https://www.buymeacoffee.com/LisaT to donate $3

Lisa’s Anti-Aging and Longevity Supplements 

Lisa has spent years curating a very specialized range of exclusive longevity, health optimizing supplements from leading scientists, researchers and companies all around the world. 

This is an unprecedented collection. The stuff Lisa wanted for her family but couldn't get in NZ that’s what it’s in her range. Lisa is constantly researching and interviewing the top scientists and researchers in the world to get you the best cutting edge supplements to optimize your life.

Subscribe to our popular Youtube channel 

with over 600 videos, millions of views, a number of full length documentaries, and much more. You don't want to miss out on all the great content on our Lisa's youtube channel.

Youtube

Order Lisa's Books

Lisa has published 5 books: Running Hot, Running to Extremes, Relentless, What your oncologist isn't telling you and her latest "Thriving on the Edge" 

Check them all out at 

https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books

Perfect Amino Supplement by Dr David Minkoff

Introducing PerfectAmino

• PerfectAmino is an amino acid supplement that is 99% utilized by the body to make protein.

• PerfectAmino is 3-6x the protein of other sources with almost no calories.

• 100% vegan and non-GMO.

• The coated PerfectAmino tablets are a slightly different shape and have a natural, non-GMO, certified organic vegan coating on them so they will glide down your throat easily.

• Fully absorbed within 20-30 minutes!

• No other form of protein comes close to PerfectAminos
  
  
  

Listen to the episode with Dr Minkoff here: 

Use code "tamati" at checkout to get a 10% discount on any of their devices.

Red Light Therapy:

Lisa is a huge fan of Red Light Therapy and runs a Hyperbaric and Red Light Therapy clinic. If you are wanting to get the best products try

Flexbeam: A wearable Red Light Device

https://recharge.health/product/flexbeam-aff/?ref=A9svb6YLz79r38

Or Try Vielights’ advanced Photobiomodulation Devices

Vielight brain photobiomodulation devices combine electrical engineering and neuroscience.

To find out more about photobiomodulation, current studies underway and already completed and for the devices mentioned in this video go to

www.vielight.com and use code “tamati” to get 10% off

Enjoyed This Podcast?

If you did, be sure to subscribe and share it with your friends!

Post a review and share it! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review. You can also share this with your family and friends so they can understand themselves more through learning about their genetic predisposition and hormones.

Have any questions? You can contact me through email (support@lisatamati.com) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.

To pushing the limits,

Lisa

The information contained in this show is not medical advice it is for educational purposes only and the opinions of guests are not the views of the show. Please seed your own medical advice from a registered medical professional.

We don't often look at preventative measures when it comes to our health. We typically look for ways to get better after we get sick — take a pill or undergo this operation, and everything will be better! Don't put off becoming more health-conscious until you've been diagnosed with a disease like cancer. The adage still holds: prevention is better than a cure. In this episode, Best Selling Science Author++ Travis Christofferson discusses the root causes of diseases and how we can take a preventive approach to health. He shares emerging cancer treatment research and encourages us to learn more about them. Focus on your overall health rather than specific diseases. When your body has a good immune system, it can help prevent illnesses like cancer! 

If you want to learn more about the latest in cancer research disease prevention, then this episode is for you!

Here are three reasons why you should listen to the full episode:

1. Understand the root causes of diseases and how we can prevent them rather than waiting for illness.
2. Learn about emerging cancer treatment research, including the metabolic approach, ketosis, abscopal effect, etc. 
3. The state of our health care systems

Get Customised Guidance for Your Genetic Make-Up

For our epigenetics health programme, all about optimising your fitness, lifestyle, nutrition and mind performance to your particular genes, go to https://wellness.lisatamati.com/epigenetics.

Health Optimisation and Life Coaching

Are you struggling with a health issue and not getting anywhere with the traditional medical system and need people who look outside the square who are up on the cutting edge of research and are connected to some of the greatest science and health minds in the world? Then reach out to us at lisa@lisatamati.com, we can jump on a call to see if we are a good fit for you.

Mindset and Mental Toughness coaching.

If you have a big challenge ahead, are dealing with adversity or want to take your performance to the next level and want to learn how to increase your mental toughness, emotional resilience, foundational health, and more, contact us at lisa@lisatamati.com.

Order My Books

My latest book Relentless chronicles the inspiring journey about how my mother and I defied the odds after an aneurysm left my mum Isobel with massive brain damage at age 74. The medical professionals told me there was absolutely no hope of any quality of life again. Still, I used every mindset tool, years of research and incredible tenacity to prove them wrong and bring my mother back to full health within three years. Get your copy here: https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books/products/relentless.

Lisa’s Anti-Ageing and Longevity Supplement Range

NMN: Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, an NAD+ precursor

Quercetin and Trimethlyglycine by NMN Bio

Feel Healthier and Younger*

Researchers have found that Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide or NAD+, a master regulator of metabolism and a molecule essential for the functionality of all human cells, is being dramatically decreased over time.

What is NMN?

NMN Bio offers a cutting edge Vitamin B3 derivative named NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) that can boost the levels of NAD+ in muscle tissue and liver. Take charge of your energy levels, focus, metabolism and overall health so you can live a happy, fulfilling life.

Founded by scientists, NMN Bio offers supplements of the highest purity and rigorously tested by an independent, third-party lab. Start your cellular rejuvenation journey today.

Support Your Healthy Ageing

We offer powerful third-party tested NAD+ boosting supplements so you can start your healthy ageing journey today.

Shop now: https://nmnbio.nz/collections/all

• NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 250mg | 30 capsules
• NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 500mg | 30 capsules
• 6 Bottles | NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 250mg | 30 Capsules
• 6 Bottles | NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 500mg | 30 Capsules

Quality You Can Trust — NMN

Our premium range of anti-ageing nutraceuticals (supplements that combine Mother Nature with cutting edge science) combats the effects of aging while designed to boost NAD+ levels. Manufactured in an ISO9001 certified facility

Boost Your NAD+ Levels — Healthy Ageing: Redefined

• Cellular Health
• Energy & Focus
• Bone Density
• Skin Elasticity
• DNA Repair
• Cardiovascular Health
• Brain Health 
• Metabolic Health

Perfect Amino Supplement by Dr David Minkoff

• Introducing PerfectAmino
• PerfectAmino is an amino acid supplement that is 99% utilized by the body to make protein.
• PerfectAmino is 3-6x the protein of other sources with almost no calories.
• ​100% vegan and non-GMO.
• ​The coated PerfectAmino tablets are a slightly different shape and have a natural, non-GMO, certified organic vegan coating on them so they will glide down your throat easily.
• Fully absorbed within 20-30 minutes!
• ​No other form of protein comes close to PerfectAminos

Ketone Products by Keto-Pro

Exogenous Ketones developed by Nutritionist and Body Building champion Richard Smith.

Keto-Pro BHB Exogenous Ketones –  250g   MORE BHB per gram than other MARKET LEADERS. During In-house testing, Keto-Pro BHB raised ketones quicker, higher and for longer than other market leaders. Ketones

My  ‘Fierce’ Sports Jewellery Collection

For my gorgeous and inspiring sports jewellery collection, 'Fierce', go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/lisa-tamati-bespoke-jewellery-collection.

Episode Highlights

[03:17] Travis’ Background

• Travis has an undergraduate degree in biochemistry. He eventually took over the family business and got married. 
• He then finished his master's degree, focusing on cancer metabolism for his independent study.
• The prevailing teaching during that time was that somatic mutations cause cancer.
• Travis was inspired by the book, Cancer as a Metabolic Disease, to do a thesis on metabolic theory. 
• Otto Warburg proposed the metabolic theory many years ago, but the medical community dismissed it as simplistic. New evidence reignited interest in the approach.

[08:10] The State of Healthcare

• Public and health institutions have long accepted the somatic approach to cancer, with billions of dollars backing it. 
• The United States spends the most per capita on health care expenditure among developed countries yet has the lowest life expectancy. 
• The issue with the healthcare system lies in variations of treatment, over-treatment, and drug development process. 
• The healthcare industry is focused more on treating diseases rather than preventing them.  
• Although technology has advanced to assist people in tracking their health, people's health is deteriorating. Even if people live longer, they often experience illness and disability in their final years.

[12:48] Changing the Healthcare Industry 

• The healthcare incentive structure must change. Doctors get paid for every drug and procedure they prescribe, leading to overtreatment. 
• There are emerging practices where doctors get a big bonus per patient who doesn't need procedures, encouraging them to keep patients in good health.
• When blood sugar levels rise, doctors usually diagnose diabetes. However, we can test for fasting insulin regularly to intervene.
• This test can also help people prevent other diseases and become more health-conscious.
• Change takes time with systems and industries, but we can take simple lifestyle interventions now.

[16:01] Why People Are Getting Sicker

• Maintaining our health can be challenging. We've been conditioned that taking a magic pill is preferable to putting in the effort.
• Remember that metabolic dysregulation causes aging, not the other way around.
• In the last 10,000 years, humanity has drastically shifted to consuming processed foods, carbohydrates, and oils, resulting in noticeable consequences.
• People have also become sedentary. 
• A hunter-gatherer society has no obesity, insulin resistance, or chronic systemic inflammation. However, we frequently see this in the Western world.

[20:32] The Root of Diseases 

• Understanding cellular health and inflammatory processes are critical in keeping yourself healthy. 
• Periods of food scarcity have happened throughout humanity's evolution. Our bodies enter ketosis due to the caloric deficit but most never reach this state.
• Studies have shown that ketosis can help prevent diseases ranging from Alzheimer's to Parkinson's to cancer and diabetes.
• Constantly eating keeps our immune system active and prevents it from resting, which has implications for chronic inflammatory diseases.

[24:53] What Happens During Ketosis? 

• Ketosis happens in a fasted state, and a ketogenic diet is nutritional maintenance.
• When we fast, our bodies will mobilise the fat we have in our bodies and begin a process of beta-oxidation to burn off fat. 
• A caloric deficit makes this process faster, converting fats into ketone bodies, which then take the place of glucose. 
• Ketones have more thermodynamic energy and ATP per carbon unit compared to glucose. 
• Ketosis also boosts antioxidant levels. Since diseases are oxidative, ketosis can help to combat illnesses. Listen to the episode to learn more! 

[32:01] Growing Healthcare Trends 

• Research has shown that fasting before chemotherapy can reduce some radiation side effects
• Sugar is fuel for cancer cells, but doctors continue giving and allowing patients to consume it. 
• There's more awareness of the latest research. The annual Metabolic Therapeutic Conference has grown to around 1600 attendees.   
• When we approach doctors, we will receive information their institution has taught and allowed them to give us.
• Even with COVID-19, people have yet to explore treatments like monoclonal antibodies, hyperbaric, and Vitamin C. 

[44:00] The Abscopal Effect on Cancer

• The abscopal effect is when you target a single tumour site, but it affects other tumour sites in the body. 
• Travis shares a case where someone with breast cancer on a checkpoint inhibitor received a much lower radiation dose. 
• In that case, radiation was sufficient to systematically stimulate the immune system to attack cancer, improving the patient's chances of survival.

[47:41] Advancements in Immunotherapy

• Using peptides to manipulate the immune system is still a trial and error process.
• The immune system's job is to survey for cancer, get rid of it early, and create a checkpoint to avoid attacking itself. 

[49:44] Emerging Cancer Treatment Research

• In detection, metastasis is an early stage event rather than a late-stage one. Cancer cells break off, dying when it reaches the bloodstream. 
• This selection pressure creates different genetic mutations in tumours. 
• The somatic mutation theory argues that a series of sequential mutations cause cancer, with each tumour site having a unique set of driving mutations.
• The epigenetic metabolic theory posits that these mutations are a side effect of the disease. 
• All cancers burn sugar and evade the immune system, but mutations vary too much. Treatments should focus on epigenetic expression rather than mutations.

[55:16] Researching Treatment Options

• The medical field is filled with uncertainty. Cancer treatment options have not been compared. 
• After an in-depth look at clinical trials, we find that what seems to be the best treatment paradigm isn't always the right option.
• When conducting research, consider the data and evaluate it using a risk-reward framework. You can choose from low-risk alternatives.

[59:59] The Soil Approach to Cancer 

• Cancer grows in the presence of a favourable microenvironment and molecular events. It takes a long time for a chronic irritant to develop cancer cells.
• Cancer cells take on characteristics of our earliest genes,  including replication and the appearance of early embryos.
• You can help your cells "behave" by providing oxygen and avoiding chronic irritants.
• Nurture the microenvironment through exercising and eating the right foods. 
• Instead of focusing on the seed or cancer, we should concentrate on the soil or microenvironment.

[1:04:05] Health and Longevity

• While we don't know humankind's natural and optimal states, ketosis and fasting provide a glimpse.
• Cells stop metabolising as we age, causing inflammation. We may be able to extend life spans if we can reduce senescent cells.
• Travis shares a study in which mice received fisetin, found in strawberries, reducing senescent cells and prolonging their life. 
• There's a lot of new research on substances that kill senescent cells, like senolytics, quercetin, and other compounds.

[1:08:49] About StageZero Life Sciences 

• StageZero Life Sciences looks into markers of inflammation, insulin resistance, etc.
• They also recommend potential lifestyle interventions to change those markers. 
• They are currently available in Richmond, Virginia, Toronto, and Ontario, Canada.

7 Powerful Quotes

'It's just a combination of probably a terrible diet and just not moving enough because we were designed to go out and have to work every day to catch food. That's what we evolved, and when you uncouple your physiology from that environmental niche, you see all kinds of problems'

‘It appears that evolution has built in a powerful signal to that when you're in a caloric deficiency, you switch your metabolism…to something called ketosis where you completely shift what you're burning to these little small molecules that come from fat,’

‘We're terrible at focusing on prevention. We focus on the disease, trying to treat it once it's already manifest, which is an absolutely horrible strategy.’

‘If we look at cancer then as the prime drivers being metabolic and epigenetic, that means that all of those things potentially could be modifiable, right? We don't have to target mutations. We can look for ways to change the way cells are expressing genes and so forth, and metabolising substrates and things like that.’

‘Just mind the microenvironment of your body, which is giving you the right food, exercising. It's designed to do that. Every time you do that, it brings down those inflammatory processes, and so forth.’

‘We tend to think we're in this modern era, but with regard to cancer, we will look back 200 years from now, realise that we were just in the Dark Ages. We’re still using radiation which was invented about 110 years ago; chemotherapy was invented around World War II. That's still the mainstay of cancer treatments.’

‘When you really look deep, the two problems really are variation in treatment, over-treatment. The drug development process, I think, is one of the main problems too,’

Resources

• Gain exclusive access and bonuses to Pushing the Limits Podcast by becoming a patron! 
• Want to learn more from Travis? Check out his books: 
• • Tripping Over the Truth: How the Metabolic Theory of Cancer is Overturning One of Medicine's Most Entrenched Paradigms 
  • Curable: How an Unlikely Group of Radical Innovators is Trying to Transform our Health Care System
  • Ketones, The Fourth Fuel: Warburg to Krebs to Veech, the 250 Year Journey to Find the Fountain of Youth
  • The Origin (and future) of the Ketogenic Diet, co-authored with Dr Dom D’Agostino  
• Cancer as a Metabolic Disease: On the Origin, Management, and Prevention of Cancer by Thomas Seyfried 
• Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer by Siddhartha Mukherjee
• The Cancer Code: A Revolutionary New Understanding of a Medical Mystery by Dr Jason Fung 
• Healthy Conversations With Travis Christofferson and Guest, Jason Fung M D from StageZero Life Sciences  
• Check out these previous episodes with Dr Elena Seranova: 
• • Episode 238 - Reverse Ageing to Live Longer and Healthier
  • Episode 189 - Understanding Autophagy and Increasing Your Longevity
  • Episode 183 - Sirtuins and NAD Supplements for Longevity   
• Learn more about cancer and health through our previous episodes: 
• • The Six Cornerstones for Better Health with Dr Charles Meakin
  • Cancer Revolution: The Metabolic Approach to Cancer with Maggie and Bradley Jones  
• Abscopal effect following radiation monotherapy in breast cancer: A case report
• Fisetin is a senotherapeutic that extends health and lifespan
• Short-term fasting accompanying chemotherapy as supportive therapy in gynecological cancer: protocol for a multicenter randomised controlled clinical trial
• StageZero Life Sciences: Website | AVRT Program
• Foundation for Metabolic Cancer Therapies   
• Connect with Travis:  LinkedIn | Twitter | Facebook   

About Travis 

Travis Christofferson is the founder of The Foundation for Metabolic Cancer Therapies and works in Clinical Development at StageZero Life Sciences Ltd. 

He is also a science author of several books, including Tripping Over the Truth: How the Metabolic Theory of Cancer Is Overturning One of Medicine's Most Entrenched Paradigms, Curable: How an Unlikely Group of Radical Innovators Is Trying to Transform Our Health Care System, Ketones, The Fourth Fuel, and co-author of The Origin (and future) of the Ketogenic Diet. 

Want to learn more about Travis’ work? Check out Foundation for Metabolic Cancer Therapies. 

You can also connect with him on LinkedIn, Twitter, and Facebook.

Dr Cam McDonald joins us in this episode to discuss the importance of understanding your biology to personalise your health program. He talks about the role of genetics and epigenetics in determining your bodies' specific tendencies towards stress and food. We also delve into the different body types and what diets and exercises are most suitable for each one.

Tune into this episode if you want to learn more about personalising your health program based on your genetic make-up.

Get Customised Guidance for Your Genetic Make-Up

For our epigenetics health program all about optimising your fitness, lifestyle, nutrition and mind performance to your particular genes, go to  https://www.lisatamati.com/page/epigenetics-and-health-coaching/.

You can also join our free live webinar on epigenetics.

Online Coaching for Runners

Go to www.runninghotcoaching.com for our online run training coaching.

Consult with Me

If you would like to work with me one-to-one on anything from your mindset, to head injuries, to biohacking your health, to optimal performance or executive coaching, please book a consultation here: https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/consultations.

Order My Books

My latest book Relentless chronicles my mum Isobel’s inspiring journey of defying the odds after an aneurysm left her with massive brain damage at age 74. The medical professionals told me there was absolutely no hope of any quality of life again, but I used every mindset tool, years of research and incredible tenacity to prove them wrong and bring my mother back to full health within 3 years. Get your copy here: http://relentlessbook.lisatamati.com/

For my other two best-selling books Running Hot and Running to Extremes chronicling my ultrarunning adventures and expeditions all around the world, go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books.

My Jewellery Collection

For my gorgeous and inspiring sports jewellery collection ‘Fierce’, go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/lisa-tamati-bespoke-jewellery-collection.

Here are three reasons why you should listen to the full episode:

1. Learn why personalisation is important in creating a health program for different body types.
2. Discover the role of genetics and epigenetics in determining your body’s specific tendencies.
3. Find out what kinds of food and activities are most suitable for different body types.

Resources

• Take the ph360 HealthType Test to discover your body type and get your Personalised Health Plan!
• Check out ph360’s website to learn more about their services on personalising your health program.
• Connect with Dr Cam: Website | Instagram | Linkedin | Email | Phone: 0411380566

Episode Highlights

[01:31] Why Personalisation Is Key

• Every individual is different, but we keep applying the same health approaches to everyone. 
• Misalignment between the body and its environment causes diseases.
• Personalising your health helps you align yourself with your environment. 

[06:45] The Science of Chronobiology

• Chronobiology is how our biology interacts with time. 
• Examples of chronobiological processes are our circadian rhythm, menstrual cycle, and ageing.
• Our bodies have a rhythm that follows along with sunlight. 
• When people are active at night, it disrupts their system. This disruption creates hormonal irregularities, leading to diseases. 
• Listen to the full episode to learn more about chronobiological processes and how they affect our health.

[18:24] The Genetic and Epigenetic Component of Circadian Rhythms

• People have different chronotypes which are based on when their bodies can tolerate stress.
• Some people are ‘Activators’. Their bodies respond best to adrenal systems. In turn, they have energy that matches their strength throughout the day. 
• ‘Diplomats’ have bodies that respond better to their digestive and nervous systems. These people are more at risk for fluid retention, tiredness, and weight gain.
• Muscle and fat production relies on the hormones stimulated by food and exercise. 

[27:50] About Food Timing

• ‘Crusaders’ have bodies that are neurally-driven and are not prone to obesity.
• Because Crusaders are more likely to lose muscle, they are recommended to eat several small meals per day.
• ‘Guardians’ have thick joints and big muscles. However, they also have the greatest capacity to store fat.
• Guardians are recommended to have two meals per day (breakfast and lunch) and a very light, if not non-existent, dinner.

[38:41] Intermittent Fasting for Crusaders and Guardians

• Because Crusaders are always on the edge of their fuel supply, intermittent fasting will impact their stress levels more. 
• Crusaders should only do one day of intermittent fasting per week.
• Guardians, however, can go for extended periods of fasting because their rhythms are slower. 
• Being in a peaceful environment helps manage stress levels and makes intermittent fasting more tolerable.
• Intermittent fasting and autophagy do not necessarily work for all. 

[45:08] More About the Guardian Body Type

• Because Guardians have strong and resilient bodies, they’re more likely to survive if there were a lack of food supply. 
• A Guardian’s body is that way because in nature, they protect their community.
• ‘Sensors’, another ectomorph body type like the Crusaders, prefer nutrient-dense foods like vegetables.
• Guardians, however, like high-calorie foods more because they provide a feeling of safety.

[54:48] Dominant Hormones for Different Body Types

• The dominant hormone for Guardians is prolactin—a ‘caring’ hormone.
• Diplomats search for a balance in serotonin—a hormone that you get as a reward for pleasurable things. This makes them assess an activity carefully if it’s going to be rewarding. 
• Activators search for adrenaline, so they always want excitement and action.
• Crusaders' dominant hormone is dopamine, which creates drive and focus.
• Listen to the full episode to learn more about the different body types (like ‘Connectors’ and ‘Sensors’) and their dominant hormones.

7 Powerful Quotes from This Episode

‘We know that everyone's different, but then when we go to actually doing the thing, we apply the average, or we apply what we think is appropriate thinking that everybody else is the same. So we have this disconnect between knowledge and action.’

‘The mind is also on a clock of its own. Essentially, if you're exercising at the wrong time, you set up the wrong kinds of hormones, then you can actually create complete stasis in your health.’

‘There’s a full continuum of where people are. This is based on not just their wants to wake up. . . it’s actually as to when a body can tolerate stress, and how that stress should be placed on them.’

‘Whether you put muscle or fat tissue on, it's actually not to do with your food or your exercise, it's got to do with the hormones that those foods and exercise stimulate.’

‘It's not a one size fits all when you hear everybody talking about intermittent fasting or doing these things—autophagy, inhibiting mTOR, and all those sorts of things.’

'The reason that their (Guardians') body is built the way it is is [because] when we go through famine as a community, their body goes into conservation. They essentially start growing, or they start slowing down their metabolism so that they can provide food for everybody else.'

‘If you put your body in the right environment, get the right foods, eat at the right times of the day, work and do your mental stuff, you'll get health and you'll get optimal performance and you'll get longevity.’

About Dr Cam McDonald

Dr Cam McDonald has spent the last decade furthering his knowledge and skills to promote health in an easy and obvious way for people in all areas of life. He’s a dietitian and exercise physiologist, with a long-standing personal passion for health, genetics and environmental influences. His goal is to support all people to live up to their full physical potential.

Dr Cam has a firm focus on people becoming more aware of themselves, their natural strengths and their optimal behaviours for their best health. He is an informed speaker who has a passion for health and the inspiration to do something about it.

Want to know more about Dr Cam’s work? Check out his website or follow him on Instagram and Linkedin. You can also reach him through email (cam.mcdonald1@gmail.com) or phone (0411380566).

Enjoyed This Podcast?

If you did, be sure to subscribe and share it with your friends!

Post a review and share it! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review. You can also share this with your family and friends so they can find out the right way to eat, diet, and exercise for their body type.

Have any questions? You can contact me through email (support@lisatamati.com) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.

To pushing the limits,

Lisa

Full Transcript of The Episode

Welcome to Pushing The Limits, the show that helps you reach your full potential with your host Lisa Tamati, brought to you by lisatamati.com.

Lisa Tamati: Hi, everyone and welcome back to Pushing The Limits this week. Today I have another very special guest, also a repeat offender on the show: Dr Cam McDonald, who is the CEO of ph360 in Australia. He is a exercise physiologist, as well as a nutritionist. This guy's a bit of an overachiever, as are many of my guests, It might add. And Dr Cam has spent the last decade furthering his knowledge and skills so as to promote health in a way that makes it easy and obvious for his clients. So Dr Cams blends his background as a dietitian and exercise physiologist with his long standing personal interest in health, and his passion for understanding the latest research in genetics, and environmental influence on health. Now, Dr Cam is one of my teachers, and he is a mind full of information on the way your genes and how your genes are expressing. So today we're going to be talking about all about genes, again, personalized health, how you can tailor things to your personal situation and your personal life. 

Before we go over to the show, I just want to remind you, if you want to check out our Epigenetics Program, please go to lisatamati.com, hit the Work with Us button and then you'll see all of our programs. And one of those is our epigenetics health optimisation program, which is all based on your genetics. And so you can understand and learn how to optimise your potential, your health, your performance, your diet, your exercise regime, and so much more. So check that out, especially after listening to this podcast, you're gonna want to check that out. So make sure you go to lisatamati.com, hit the Work with Us button and check out our epigenetics program.

I'd also like you to check out our running program, if you are a runner out there and you haven't got a coach and you don't know where to go and you haven't got a structure. Maybe you're doing your first five K's, maybe you're just starting out, maybe doing 100 miler, I don't care, we take them all. We do customize, personalized plans, based on your needs, your lifestyle, your injuries, your goals, and make that specifically for you. We also do a full video analysis to help you improve your form. And you get a one on one consult with me. And then ongoing support with the team. So please check that out. Check out the package, runninghotcoaching.com. runninghotcoaching.com is the place to go to, there. And check out our running program. Right now over to the show with Dr Cam McDonald for a very exciting interview.

Lisa Tamati: Well, hi everyone and welcome back to Pushing The Limits. I'm super excited to have you here with me again. Today, I have another superstar, Dr Cam McDonald, all the way from Australia. And he is one of our mentors and teachers here. He is the CEO of ph360.me. So people are listening out there, you've probably heard one or two episodes where we've talked about genetics and epigenetics and how to understand your genes. Well, that's what we're going to be talking about today. And Dr Cam is an absolute expert on this. So welcome to the show, Dr Cam. 

Dr Cam McDonald: Thanks, Lisa.

Lisa: Great to have you again.

Dr Cam: It's great to be here. It's been a long time between chats, but there's been an awful lot of interaction between. It's always been great.

Lisa: Yes, so you're our repeat offender on the show. But I think it was a good couple of years ago now. So I mean, meanwhile, we've dived deep into the world of epigenetics with you and learned from you and learned a ton of stuff. Way overdue that we had this conversation and started to share a little bit of your knowledge and the amazing things that we can now do with genetics and understanding how we run. 

So everything in regards to epigenetics and genetics is all about personalising everything to your specific set of genes. And this has really been a game-changer for us personally and professionally, for our athletes, for people that we're working with, in the corporate setting and everything because everything should be personalised now, shouldn't it? Should we start there? I think that's a good place. Why is personalisation key?

Dr Cam: Yes, I mean there's a number of reasons why we definitely should be personalising. But the first is that we actually have the knowledge now, that's one thing. We have an understanding of how we can actually do this. I guess for our long history, and I guess for the history of the people that are alive, the people listening to this right now, we always know innately, ‘I'm different to that person’. 

But then, when we go to recommendations. And when we go to how we go about our life, whether it be the job that we're sitting in, it's like, ‘You have to do this job in this way’ or ‘You can't do that great. We'll get someone else to do this job this way’. Like you must do this job this way. You must, ‘Oh, you're going to get fit? Great? You go to this gym, and you do this boot camp. Everyone goes to this boot camp because that's what is going to be great for everyone because the latest science says this’. 

And when it comes to food, it's like ‘You should definitely do this because this is what the average of everyone should do’. And so we know that everyone's different. But then when we go to actually doing the thing, we apply the average or we apply what we think is appropriate thinking that everybody else is the same. So we have this disconnect between knowledge and action. 

And so why we need to? I guess what we know now is that the timing of your food, the timing of your exercise, the type of exercise or foods that you're consuming, the type of work that you're doing, the types of interactions that you're having, if you don't get that right, it creates disease. If you align your body with its environment, then your body goes into a healing and recovery state, and you get healthier. But if you misalign, and that can just be getting up at the wrong time, and we see this with shift workers all the time—the longer that they do shift work, the more likely they are to die prematurely. 

And this is when you get a misalignment with the body and the environment. But the really incredible thing is now, it's not just that we all should avoid shift work, it's rather that some people are going to be better suited to it than others. And when it comes to every other domain of life, there's going to be something that is great for one person. Like a big Gatorade is going to be the best thing ever for a runner during their race for it’s in the mean of best thing ever, and I'm not attached to Gatorade as a brand. 

But let's say that you have some sort of electrolyte fluid as a drink. And that's going to be fantastic for a marathon runner 30K's in versus a person who's been sitting on the couch for the last six years and has a significant waist circumference and diabetes. 

Lisa: Disaster.

Dr Cam: That drink is diabolical.  And so, when we start thinking about personalisation, we start thinking about, well, ‘What's going to help this person align and perform’? Because if you misalign, it creates disease. So that's another motivation. 

And then I guess, as I started, we now have the understanding of how people are different, what people need to do about it, and we've got some really wonderful results on if we apply that to these individuals, they're going to get a great result for themselves. It's now the time that we can act on this innate knowledge that we've always had but do it in a very intelligent way.

Lisa: And do it in a very structured way. A great example of this is that the whole fitness industry was really run by people with a certain type of genetic combinations. And so we trained, and I belong in that group, and you belong in that particular group. We train people we like to train and how we see benefits. We see benefits from the way that we train—high-intensity workouts and getting up early and training. Well, that suits you and me, right, Dr Cam? Because we're very close on the epigenetics wheel, if you like, have similar genetic makeup. So that works for us. Whereas it doesn't work for someone on the other side, so who's more that of the endomorph type of body. 

So I've used this example before, but my husband, I used to make him get up at five or six in the morning and do a CrossFit workout when he's what they call a Diplomat. And now in that terms, which means he has a different set of genetics, basically, that is not suited to getting up at that time and doing that type of workout.  Both are wrong for him. From a chronobiological perspective, he should be in bed because his testosterone, his hormones are doing their thing at that time in the morning. So that was a problem. 

Number two, I had him doing a type of exercise that was wrong for his body type. His ATP doesn't replace as quickly, and his cells are doing back-to-back sets just seem to map on a stress reaction. So his cortisol would be up, and then it would be up for the rest of the day. And what have I done to my poor husband? I've made him actually put on weight and not get further and feel like crap all day. So whereas for me, that same class, that same set of exercises, that same time of the day, perfect, and I'm good to go, and I'm really rearing to go. So that just gives you a little bit of an example. 

So today, let's look at chronobiology because this is all about at the timings of when to do what. So can you explain what the science of chronobiology is, Dr Cam, and how it applies in this situation?

Dr Cam: Yes, absolutely. So chronobiology is how our biology interacts with time. And we know about this because we all get older—that's a chronobiological effect, is that we get older. But what's really interesting as well is that within because of the sun, and it's showing its face every day or so. It comes along at about 6 am and then leaves at about 6 pm whatever it might be. Because we've been living on this planet with this big stimulant from the sky, essentially our bodies have got adapted to things happening in a rhythm. 

And so, it's just like we wake up, and then we go to bed, we wake up and then, that's a daily rhythm. We have a menstrual cycle. We have ovulation. We go through the menstrual period, and that happens on a 30-day cycle. We then have our early life. We have our middle age, and we have our later life. That's another cycle. 

Even a yearly cycle as well, we have  the circannual cycle. And so, we have seasons. So winter, it gets colder, and our body does different things. And so, essentially, now that we understand that we got these different patterns of time that are occurring, our body is constantly responding to cues from the outside. 

And so where this work first came about was they started looking at shift workers instead of wondering why all of these people were getting so much more cardiovascular disease, diabetes. And they found that if you're waking up at night, and you're getting lots of light, and you're getting food at night as well—all of those things, tell your body, ‘Hey, you should be awake’. And so it wakes the body up. 

But you've got this momentum of a cycle that's coming from generations of being exposed to the sun and sleeping at night, and all of our physiological systems are actually setting up for us to sleep at night and rest and recover and do a whole lot of things that definitely don't require doing heavy work or digesting food as much. And so we get this disruption. We get things happening and things being signalled to the body that shouldn't be signalled at that time, which creates irregularity in the hormones that flow through our body. Our cortisol, our melatonin, our testosterone levels, our adrenal levels—all of those things get shifted out of whack when we give ourselves an artificial time input. So we want to—essentially, the first and foremost, the first thing that we gauge what time it is is what amount of light we have. 

Lisa: How much light, yes.

Dr Cam: Yes, and then when we get—when the sun comes up in the morning, it sets off this cascade of wakefulness. It takes us from dead asleep to awake in a very short period of time. There's a big hormonal shift that occurs to make that happen, and it maps into sunlight. And so, as we go through the day, we have this homeostatic drive of ‘The longer that I'm awake, the more I want to go to sleep’. That's a natural thing that we have. The more that you run, the more that you want to stop is another way of thinking about this one. So we have this—as the day goes on, you get more tired. 

And we then also have these rhythmical changes. Essentially, it's not the homeostatic drive for tiredness, but the circadian drive of tiredness, and you'll have peaks in your day, or maybe in the afternoon, you're firing. Other people are really, really tired that they wake back up at night. Some people are really energised in the morning. We have all of these different things that are happening throughout the day as well. So to simplify all of this, our body is designed to rouse with early morning light or rears with light. We then are meant to—essentially, our body is searching for the rhythm that suits our body. 

And what's really interesting, if you take light away from somebody—and I know I'm jumping all over the place, but I will bring this all together. So if you take light away from somebody. A great guy did an experiment on this way back in the day. He sat in a cave for a couple of months and with no changes in light at all, just exactly the same ambient light the whole time. And what happened was, his rhythm went to 24 and a half hours for a daily period. So what happens is, if we were to not have any sunlight input, we would run on a 24 and a half-hour cycle. And the was out of sync by a few days after a couple of months. 

Lisa: After a couple of months.

Dr Cam: He actually—and he thought it was only a month that passed, it was two months that passed. His time really—oh no he thought it was three months that passed. It was only a couple months because time really slowed down. And so what we know is that inside our body, we have a rhythm. 

Lisa: Yes. 

Dr Cam: But that gets reset every day with the sunlight. And so, and it actually keeps us on track with the hormones that have been flowing as a result of that sunlight. So sunlight is one time giver. And if we disrupt that, it creates lots of disease in that shift work. Not only does your waist circumference get bigger the more shift work you do, all of the risks—cancer, diabetes, heart disease—increases the longer you do shift work. 

Lisa: Wow. Wow.

Dr Cam: And what we see is if you disrupt a body for three days with bright light at night, they start looking like they get diabetes. Their insulin resistance changes. 

Lisa: Instantly?

Dr Cam: Within a few days, you can start disrupting these cycles of hormones, which makes your body say, ‘Well, there's something wrong with this environment. Why am I awake at a time where I shouldn't be? Well, there must be something wrong. Therefore, I'm going to start conserving. I'm going to start going into a stressed state so that I can escape and protect myself’, and diabetes is just the ultimate protection—starvation protection that makes you gain weight very easily. And so, after a few days, four days, you can actually start seeing some changes in metabolism if you're out of sync with your sleep alone, then four days to correct it. So you can actually get back on track very quickly. 

Now, light isn't the only time giver, there is also heat that you have in your body. Food is also a time giver. Exercise is also a time giver. And so if you eat regularly at the same time each day, your body will start falling into a rhythm of ‘I expect food’, and this is what happens when you change your diet. Some people go from six meals a day to two. Let's say they're doing some fasting or something like that. They'll be really, really hungry at the times that they were eating when they're doing six meals a day for about a week. 

Then what happens is each cell in our body has its own timekeeper as well. The master clock is coming from the sunlight, and then each tissue in our body has its own timekeeper. And so our gut takes about a week to correct itself, and then it starts getting on track with the new routine, and so then, it starts setting up for the new routine. Therefore food, it gives time to the body, it actually gives the schedule. And along with that food intake comes insulin release, hormone release, all of those types of things. 

But then the really important thing we need to consider is if you don't stimulate the body at the right time to get the right hormonal outflow, you start going into disease. And so, if you're eating food at the wrong time, you're stimulating these hormones just as if you were not sleeping at the right time. If you're exercising at the wrong time. Let’s some bodies are really, really well adept at tolerating stress in the morning. If you exercise, that's a stress. 

Lisa: Yep.

Dr Cam: You give your body that ‘Stress is coming now’. And if you do that regularly, your body's gonna say, ‘Okay, stress is coming now’. It prepares itself, and it deals with it quite well. But then if you take a night owl, and you give them that same stress in the morning, it gives them the time of stress in the morning, but their body is not set up for stress at that time of day. And so they start trying to compensate later through weight gains, like ‘I spent all of this energy at the time that I didn't want to. I wasn't set up for it, so I'm going to have to conserve my energy because something's wrong’. 

Lisa: That’s what I was doing to the husband.

Dr Cam: Yes, absolutely. So what you see in a practical sense—and I'll just say one more thing as well, that the mind is also on a clock of its own. And essentially, if you're exercising at the wrong time, you set up the wrong kinds of hormones, and you can actually create complete status in your health. As in it doesn't get any better even though you're working really, really hard or can sometimes take you backwards. 

And we're seeing this with some diabetes now is really high-intensity exercise in the morning, in some studies is indicating worsened blood sugar levels at the end of the day because everybody goes into survival of ‘Oh, this environment is really stressful’. So where you position things in your day…

Lisa: It’s crucial.

Dr Cam: ...sets a rhythm. But if that rhythm doesn't align with what your body needs in order to be in its best health, then it creates disease. And that disease, obviously, tracks down pathways of compensation and stress, and you end up with a body that has been getting up eating five meals per day, has been doing the early morning exercise, just like your husband. 

Lisa: Yes. They’re getting nothing out of it.

Dr Cam: And because they’re putting stress out in the morning, they're giving them too much insulin response throughout the day because their bodies just not designed to get five hits of it throughout the day. Some bodies are, some bodies are.

Lisa: Yes.

Dr Cam: After 12 weeks, they've gained a kilo and got a bad knee. And they're wondering, ‘What the hell is going on’?

Lisa: And they've been a super disciplined person getting up. And I mean, just to give you a couple of examples of the set of my life because I like to put things into stories.

Dr Cam: Yes, please.

Lisa: So that people actually get the science. Six months ago I went through this terrible time with my dad, who was unfortunately dying and passed away in July. In the 16 days that we were in the hospital battling for his life, I was round the clock with him. Now my blood sugar levels went through the roof. So afterwards, I was showing like diabetic levels of blood sugars—fasting blood sugars because I was so out of whack and so stressed alongside of it. And it took me a good two to three months for me to get my body back into rhythm. So that was just 16 days of sleep deprivation, being up all night, hardly any food, in this case, was actually sharp throwing my blood sugar's up through the roof and the stress hormones that were coming out. So that's a really extreme example. And obviously, that was for a specific purpose. 

And I've seen this also with ultramarathons that I've done, that I've been going for days on end. You would think that a person who was exercising 24/7, around the clock, sort of thing for not seven, but let’s say two, three days, that they would lose massive amounts of weight, and so on. And I would actually put on weight when I did ultramarathon. So I typically lose it initially, and then I would have all this weight gain. And then I would have this response. And within a month, I would be usually heavier than when I started, which was really frustrating. 

Dr Cam: Yes.

Lisa: So this stuff matters, and this stuff is really, really important. And I've done podcast episodes already on circadian rhythms in regards to light and why we need to block out blue light at night time because, again, that's giving us a signal to stay awake and stopping our melatonin production. 

And the example there with the cortisol, right? We want cortisol. We want these stress hormones at the right times of the day. So there is also a genetic component to this. And this is where, what we do at ph360, and what we find out in the programme that we run is looking at your specific genes in relation to circadian rhythms. Can you explain a little bit?

So why is it for my husband that if he gets up at 5 am and does that, that's not good for him? Whereas for my body type, that's not so bad?

Dr Cam: Yes, sure. So when we're talking about this, there is a genetic component, and I guess what we're going to be talking about today and what we've kind of alluded to is that there's also an epigenetic component. And so when we talk about chronotypes, and whether someone's an early bird, a night owl, or an intermediate type, or somewhere in between because there's a full continuum of where people are. This is based on not just their wants to wake up, not just that ‘I can wake up’, I'd prefer to sleep in’, or ‘I'd prefer to wake up early’. It's not necessarily that. It's actually as to when a body can tolerate stress and how that stress should be placed on them. 

And in our body, at all times, there is a system of stress and then recovery, and it's that balance that we're trying to fluctuate through with our rhythms throughout the day. That's actually what the rhythms protect is that stress-to-recovery balance. So waking and then sleeping and then eat and then rest or, move, eat, rest, all of those types of things. 

So, we have individuals that as they're developing in the womb, they get a heightened sensitivity to testosterone, they have a greater development of their adrenal system and their response to adrenaline, and that's due to embryological epigenetic factors. And to make that simple is that there's different tissues that are developing in the womb, obviously, that make up our body. Depending on the genes that you have and in the environment in the womb, you will give more dominance to certain tissues. And this particular person, they called the Activator in our ph360 circle. The Activators have, they develop the tissues more dominantly that are related to the muscle, the skeleton, the testosterone, and the reproductive glands, adrenal glands, kidneys. And so as they develop throughout their life, these hormones and these tissues have more dominance than the other tissues. 

And so, I'll give another example just to give a comparison in a second. So if you've got a body that's more sensitive to testosterone, it also has a slightly stronger adrenal system. And Lisa is a perfect example of that, and I'm not too far from that. 

Lisa: Yes. 

Dr Cam: And essentially, what this body does really well is that it responds to that adrenal system very powerfully. And first thing in the morning is when your adrenal system is the strongest. This is when you get the biggest glucocorticoid release that's your cortisol and your adrenalines. And essentially, it's to say, ‘Hey, you were dead asleep, and now you need to be awake’. 

And because they've got tissues that are also ready for that, they even take that energy. And if they use their adrenal system at that time, it matches their strength. This is what they've grown to be strong in. And so it matches their strength to be really great at this. And so, when they use it, it aligns with what their body is looking for. And then they ride that energy all the way through to the end of the day. And this is because we've put the right body into the right environment at the right time. 

However, a Diplomat, which is the opposite side of the circle, and what we see with embryological development is, on a circle, opposite sides, you'll see opposite effects. And so, instead of it being the adrenal system and the testosterone system that's really sensitive within the body, the other body, we actually see their digestive system and their neuro system being more developed and more sensitive. 

And so what's happening in digestion in the morning is that it's, essentially, it's regulating where all the fluid is going to go in the body.  It's finishing off these really important digestive processes, clearing out the digestion, making sure that the gut is rested and ready for new meals. And it's doing that right up until 7am. 

And so this body is having to focus all of its energy on its digestive system because that's the really important system for this body. And if you then stress this body, what happens is it goes, ‘Well, I was trying to put water into the right place, I was trying to get my digestion on track, and I'm running all of a sudden’?

Lisa: You’re just taking what. Yes.

Dr Cam: ‘Like this does not match at all. I don't need adrenaline right now. This is bad news’. And so what happens is the body then goes into compensation. It says, ‘Oh, God. Well, I'm gonna have to make up for this later. I've spent all of this fluid of sweat. I've used all of this energy’. And so this body goes, ‘Well, I didn't get time to put my fluid away, so where is it? Okay, I'm going to retain fluid now’, because, and this is exactly what happened in that body.

Lisa: You’ve put on weight.

Dr Cam: You have enough cortisol at the wrong time. 

Lisa: Yes. 

Dr Cam: They make that retaining fluid. And this is exactly what's happening—they get the adrenal burst in the morning, but if they then run with that with some morning exercise, it becomes too much for their system. They can't then do those digestive processes. Their gut goes off, which influences their serotonin production, which makes them less happy. 

Lisa: Wow.

Dr Cam: What's really interesting with this kind of crowd is that the things that we'll see is an individual wakes up, like I said before, we'll get up, and they'll do their exercise. And what they'll notice is they start getting this bit of weight around the middle.

Lisa: Around the middle.

Dr Cam: And they'll also start accumulating fluid. They'll get a halo effect from exercise of two to three hours because their stress levels actually stay a lot higher for a lot longer because they shouldn't be stressed at that time. So they get this, and stress hormones make you feel alive, and they make you feel awake. And so, for the first three hours of the day, you're going, ‘Yes, I'm an early bird. This is awesome’, and then come lunch, it crashes really, really hard. And you also become more diabetic in the afternoon, for lack of a better term, more insulin resistance.

Lisa: Insulin resistance 

Dr Cam: Yes. And so, this individual has been working their guts out literally, and all they've got is more fluid retention, tightness in the afternoon, weight gain around the middle, which is the thing that they're doing exercise for.

Lisa: They’re stuck.

Dr Cam: And if they just shift that exercise later in the day when their body is ready for movement because this body likes to conserve energy in the morning, make sure everything is sorted in their body, and then they can move in the stress and all that sort of stuff in the afternoon. And if they do that, there's no cortisol rise to the same extent. They have much lower cortisol all day, which means they don't deposit fat around their stomach. 

Lisa: Because cortisol is a real effect on…

Dr Cam: Huge one. And this particular body, absolutely, because it's the opposite of the Activator, the Diplomat is, they don't like their cortisol so high. They like things to be cruisy and peaceful and steady as opposed to high-intensity and… Exactly. And so, whenever you put this body into this thing at the wrong time, you end up with this adverse effect. And you start questioning yourself, it's like, ‘What the hell could I be doing better? I'm waking up, I'm getting my food in…’

Lisa: ‘I’m useless’.

Dr Cam: ‘...I’m doing the things I’m supposed to do, and then I'm crashing in the afternoon’. And all of a sudden, now they're having three or four coffees, which is just another stimulant of cortisol. 

Lisa: Yes.

Dr Cam: And then they worsen the effect. And so we see for this person, if they just sleep in, they actually start losing weight faster than if they exercise. And this is…

Lisa: So counterintuitive.

Dr Cam: So counterintuitive. But when you think that whether you put muscle or fat tissue on, it’s actually—not to do with your food or your exercise, it's got to do with the hormones that those foods and exercise stimulate. 

Lisa: Yes.

Dr Cam: You don't grow muscle from protein alone. Because we'll see people in hospital who are malnourished, and we're feeding them lots of protein and they just burn then they lose weight. What we're trying to do is we need to modify the hormones. And if we get the right rhythm to our day—cortisol is acting, testosterone is acting at the right time, growth hormone is acting at the right time—if we were able to match our day with our hormone release that's relevant to us, then our body is able to—anytime that it gets some protein, is able to put it to work rather than burn it off in stress. 

Lisa: Wow.

Dr Cam: And the same thing with exercise. If you do exercise stress at the right time, you stimulate the right growth hormones, which like in ultramarathon running, and I use this example all the time, it's just so appropriate right now. If you run for three days, are your muscles bigger by the end of the three days?

Lisa: Hell, no

Dr Cam: Exactly. They’re broken down. Exercise is a stress, and it just stimulates your body to say, ‘You need to be stronger here’. So this is where—whenever you're thinking about exercise and food, you've got to be thinking about ‘What hormones am I modulating here? And what hormones do I need right now’? And that's the information that we can have. Just two very simple examples that we provided before.

Lisa: Yes, and this is why this information in the programme that we do is so powerful because it gives you that specific information along with a ton of other things about what time to do things and when, in optimising your whole daily rhythms. But it isn't just about exercises, it is also about the food timing. So let's look at a little bit into the food timings and then also the whole neurotransmitter side of things.

Dr Cam: Yes.

Lisa: Like when am I going to get the best out of my brain? All that type of stuff as well. So from a food perspective. 

Dr Cam: Yes.

Lisa: So you and I are Crusader. I'm a Crusader-Activator on the cusp there, means four to six meals a day is ideal for us or regular food. My mum's a Guardian. Opposite end of the wheel, again.

Dr Cam: Yes.

Lisa: Two to three meals a day, ideal. That doesn't mean that you and I can't do intermittent fasting. That doesn't, by the way. We can still do that and get the benefits of autophagy and stuff, but it's a shorter fast from what I worked on.

Dr Cam: That's exactly right. 

Lisa: Yes

Dr Cam: Yes. And that's the perfect—I was actually going to use those two examples for that, Lisa. Spot on. So we've got Activators and Diplomats, which we’ve spoken about. Then, we got the Crusaders and the Guardians. So Crusaders are, essentially, Lisa’s a really good example, I’m a good example. 

Generally slight like a soccer player—taller, leaner, slender. And one of the features of their body is that they're very neurally-driven. So as opposed to adrenaline and testosterone, as opposed to digestive, the Crusaders are very neurally-driven. Everything is about mental focus, mental drive, and creation of hormones that allow you to keep driving forward. And you see these types of people in triathlons and marathons and anything that requires that long-term high-intensity focus. 

Now, with this body, not prone at all to obesity. You have to really, really really push with bad habits to get this body to a level of obesity versus the Guardian. Naturally, this is your strongest, thickest jointed, biggest muscled, and also, they have the greatest capacity to store fat. So anyone that you see at powerlifting or in shot put or in those power sports, like the world's strongest men. Oprah is a good example of a Guardian. This is a body that's just more substantial. 

And so what's really interesting about these two bodies is that—and I guess the most relevant one, we can start with the Guardian because it's kind of interesting. And then we'll come back to the Crusader, which is more—the most appropriate for general healthy guidelines than any other one.

Lisa: So we run the show as far as…

Dr Cam: We have the other types. 

Lisa: ...we have told everybody how to do it all wrong.

Dr Cam: Well, and what's really interesting is that our bodies—because we're unlikely to be obese just with the way our body is made up. That's not good or bad. We die from other things, by the way. We may not die from diabetes.But we might get...

Lisa: What can else haunt us?

Dr Cam: Exactly. Yes. There’s Parkinson's or something not so pleasant like that. So essentially, when we're feeding a Guardian, they've got a body, they walk past a bakery, and they smell it, and they gain weight. 

Lisa: Yes.

Dr Cam: They have this ability of just accumulating mass at all times. But they have these hormones in their body, and they're more sensitive to prolactin, and they produce more insulin. And these hormones are growth hormones. They make you grow. And so, they have an abundance of these things going on. They have a slightly slower thyroid, which means that they are able to conserve weight very easily. And what's really interesting, psychologically, they're being driven to care for people. So they have the most ability to conserve energy and the most ability to nurture. So you have these big, strong protective individuals. 

Now what's really interesting with the timing of food, they’re recommended to have two meals per day, breakfast and lunch and then a very, very light, if not, non-existent dinner. Now, the reason that we do that, particularly with Guardians who are feeling like they wanting to—because this is the body that's most prone to excess weight gain as well. They'll be healthy and obese, but they can also really extend out past that unhealthy obese as well. 

And so, what happens overnight is your prolactin and your growth hormones, even insulin release, all of these things are greatest overnight. And the reason for that is when we're sleeping, it’s the best time for our recovery. And so all of these hormones that are associated with growth are the response to the day of spending energy. ‘I spend all this energy. I burn. I then have to recover’. 

Now, what's really interesting about the Guardians is that they have like a supercharged ability to grow overnight. And both protein and carbohydrates stimulate growth in different ways, and it's modulated through—insulin is a really great growth factor. It's one of the hormones that are involved. Essentially, if Guardians have a really big protein-carbohydrate meal at night, they get all of these growth factors at a time that they're about to have their biggest growth of the day. 

Lisa: Growth anyway. Yes.

Dr Cam: And this is a body that all they do is grow really well. They actually have a different rhythm that's not as catabolic, or doesn't break down as easily. In fact, it's quite anabolic by nature, it grows very easily. When they get stressed, they grow. And so what we want to do is to help this person rather than top up their blood sugar levels, rather than give them protein to feel full, it's actually—these individuals don't get that hungry that often if they're eating the right types of foods. 

Essentially, what we see is if we can remove the proteins, carbohydrates, and even the fats at night and have a very light dinner and on sort of that time-restricted feeding, I say, is the way that you can think about it, but it's an early window for the day. What we do is we drop those growth hormones and the growth factors, I should say. We allow their digestive system to do a whole lot more recovery overnight. They'll wake up the next day feeling so much lighter. But we also haven't triggered off their key growth factors, which they already have plenty of anyway.And so all of a sudden, now, instead of growing excess overnight, they're able to start just recovering other systems and processes in their body. 

And particularly when you're getting the breakfast and getting the lunch, you're creating stability in their system, then you're just taking away their growth stimulus at night, and they can start losing weight. And what's really fascinating about this, the studies that have shown this is if you can take people with diabetes, you give them six meals per day of 1400 calories, or you give them two meals per day of 1400 calories—breakfast and lunch. And what you see is a one-kilo weight loss for the six meals per day and a five-kilo weight loss for the two meals a day.

Lisa: Massive on the same amount of calories.

Dr Cam: Exactly the same macros, exactly the same calories, it's just that we're changing when it's coming into the body.

Lisa: So these people shouldn't be doing a morning intermittent fast. They should be doing a stop at six o'clock eating type thing.

Dr Cam: Even five.

Lisa: Even five.

Dr Cam: But really, it's about two meals. And if those two meals can be earlier, that's going to be better. And with lunch, is a time when we really tolerate foods very well. There’s a lot of systems that are really supporting us. That's actually a time when the meal can be most substantial as well. And so, this is what's really important if we're thinking about, let's say, reversing diabetes, for example. If we give someone six meals per day, it almost prevents us from doing that. 

Lisa: Wow, so you just can't fix it as you’re just getting it a spot.

Dr Cam: And it is why there are so many issues with so many, the dietary protocols out there because so many of that predicated on three meals and two snacks for this body. However, for the Crusaders…

Lisa: For us.

Dr Cam: ...which is the opposite function, they are much more likely to lose weight than gain weight. Obviously, in your exception, it's different when you're running ultramarathons. 

Lisa: Yes.

Dr Cam: But we're more likely to wither and lose muscle, as opposed to the Guardian that's more likely to accumulate and gain. And so what food has to do for a Crusader is provide energy so that they don't break down. Because food is that important for recovery, and we will...

Lisa: And we’re catabolic by nature.

Dr Cam: Exactly. Food is designed to provide growth to a body that would otherwise be breaking down. And so when we see the need for regular three meals and two snacks throughout the day, and dinner can actually be relatively substantial because overnight, you want this body to take advantage of the recovery. Because if they don't get enough growth, then their immune system doesn't come on, and they start getting sick, and they start breaking down. Whereas the strength of the immune system in The Guardian is so much greater because that's the time that they really ramp up their growth. 

So we have this newly-driven body that we're not trying to protect it from diabetes and insulin problems because they don't often have them, particularly insulin resistance, and they have a faster thyroid function so their metabolism is burning hotter. They have all of this mental energy that is burning as well, and that requires more carbohydrates. So essentially, we provide regular meals with carbohydrates to this body, and their brain starts operating really, really well, that decreases their stress. And it's the decrease in stress that allows muscle growth, that allows our waist to reduce. And so, by having more regular food, we actually end up with better body composition for this person. But if we have more regular food for the Guardian, we actually end up with worse.

Lisa: You need to know.

Dr Cam: Whereas if you put two meals per day into the Crusader, now, all of a sudden—because they've run out of fuel because their metabolism turns it over really quickly, they have to dip into their stress hormones to stay energised. So they have to use more cortisol and adrenaline. And what do those hormones do? They break muscle down, and they put fat around your waist. 

And so we have this environment for a Crusader, if they're having two meals, they're having to stress and push to stay awake. And now all of a sudden—oh, and to stay alert and on. And now, we're going to have the effects of what those hormones do, which is in that body, they’re with the muscle, and they gain body, and they gain fat around their waist. 

Lisa: Wow. So they can—that’s the exact opposite. So Crusaders can be overweight, but that's usually they hold it in the middle of the body around the waist, which is the most dangerous fat—that visceral fat. And with the Guardian—so this is why like some people when they get stressed lose weight, and some people when they get stressed put on weight. And this was always like, ‘Huh? How does that work? Because I thought cortisol always put on fat’. And it does for the Crusader as well, but it puts it on around the middle, and that's because the cortisol has gone up, and you haven't had enough food. 

Okay, what about—this is just because I'm off on a tangent again—but autophagy? We all hear about inhibiting mTOR, which is one of the growth pathways. And I'm always like, ‘Okay, I'm an activated Crusader’. I'm on the cusp there. So do I do intermittent fasting or not? I feel like if I'm looking for autophagy and wanting to knock off senescent cells and all of that sort of thing, how do I do that without triggering my body to go into a stress situation?

Dr Cam: Great question. And so, this is what it comes down to then, we spoke about the rhythms at the start of the day—like the daily rhythm, the monthly rhythm, the yearly rhythms. Essentially, when we're looking at the rhythms of the different bodies, a Crusader has quite a quick turnover rhythm. So whereas the Guardian has a much longer slower turnover rhythm.

And so, what I mean by that is if a Crusader does a day or two of intermittent fasting, their metabolism goes, ‘Whoa’, like really hits them because they're always on the edge of their fuel supply. And so the fast hits them a lot faster, but they're their nervous system, which is the thing that's driving stress In their body, that will be impacted quite significantly if they go without food for a period of time. It'll start driving muscle loss and demineralisation to keep the body alert. 

And so, for a Crusader, it might be the one day per week that you do that thing just to give yourself a bit of a top up. For example—or to give yourself that effect of autophagy. Whereas for a Guardian, they have this ability to accumulate, and their rhythms are much slower. They can actually go for extended periods of time in that intermittent fasting. It's actually quite beneficial for them because they are more likely to build up toxins, and they're more likely to conserve over time. That state of a semi-fasted life is actually appropriate for them because their body, generally, their rhythms are slower and steadier, and they aren't affected by a lack of caloric intake or a lower caloric intake as much.

Lisa: So for us to do extended fasts as Crusader types, are we putting ourselves at risk then? If so, how do we get rid of that? Because autophagy, just for those listening who don't know what the hell autophagy is, it’s basically recycling when a body goes up, there's not enough food supply around, there's not enough nutrients because their body is sensing the nutrients that's available in our blood, and this can be low protein or low caloric intake. And then it starts to recycle old parts of cells or knock off cells that are damaged and not doing the job properly. And this is a process that we want to have, but as Crusaders, we don't want to tip ourselves into the stressed out state, where we’re actually too catabolic. 

So, because there's lots of things going around about fasting and the benefits of fasting. And, again, it is appropriate for one type more than another type or at certain periods of time. So how would you optimise it for a Crusader versus a Guardian?

Dr Cam: Yes. Okay, that's good call. So essentially—probably, the thing to state here is that it's not just food that creates this level of stress or rest and recovery. If you were—let's say, for example, that you're up in some sort of retreat, where they're doing meditations a lot of the day, where you're walking in nature, where it's just very, very gentle surrounds, and there's virtually no stress on your nervous system, and you're able to completely dial out, this is as a Crusader, then you're going to be able to tolerate a much lower food intake for a longer period of time because there's less requirement that's being placed on. You have food. 

But if you're in the middle of a busy week and you start fasting, your brains will go in ‘Well, I still want to get stuff done.’ And so your brain is going, ‘Let's do this’. And so in order to do that, you have to create stress hormone responses to keep your brain alive and to break muscle down, turn it into glucose that you can use in your brain for fuel. 

Lisa: Oh, we don’t want that.

Dr Cam: So it definitely depends on the environment that you're in as to how long you could do this. But generally, what we say is, if a Crusader is going to be doing some sort of intermittent fasting or something like that, just doing a day per week, and on a day where you can control the amount of stuff that is going on so you're not too narrowly stressed, it's really, really good way of going.

Making sure you're meditating, deep breathing throughout the day, doing some gentle exercise, some stretching, just to really calm your nervous system. You're not having to do really big meetings and really stressful thinking sessions because you want to dial down the thing that's taking all of your energy. And for a Crusader,  it's their brain. 

Lisa: Yes. 

Dr Cam: And so if that's being used lots, then the body will commit its reserves to looking after the brain. So you have to turn that off in order to do a fast without affecting yourself too much. 

Lisa: Wow.

Dr Cam: Because if prolonged, you'll start continually breaking down muscle tissue to fuel your brain, and that's not good. And you release a whole lot of calcium from your bones to provide energy in your mitochondria.

Lisa: Wow.

Dr Cam: In your little, your muscle tissue within your muscle fibres as well. You need calcium to make muscles contract and do their thing. And if you're stressed and not consuming, you'll release more of that, which is not a good thing either. 

Lisa: ...osteoporosis. 

Dr Cam: So this is where you will essentially know...Yes, osteoporosis is a big risk for Crusaders. So you will essentially know that if you're doing a semi-fast and you're starting to have the feeling, if you're a Crusader out there, you're having to push to have your energy. When you're using your energy and flow, it should be just this flow of energy that feels good to use when you're doing mental tasks and things like that. If you've fasted for too long, it'll now be this push. It's like, ‘I have to get myself up to do this work’. And that requires...

Lisa: You repel. 

Dr Cam: Yes, yes. So if you're starting to get less motivated, and you're getting to the end of a job, and you're just exhausted, I would say you're fasted too long because your body overextending itself.

The thing about Crusaders is their bodies are quite sensitive. You'll be able to pick up on those cues a couple of days in just to see what's going on. 

Lisa: That’s really important for people to understand. That again, it's not a one-size-fits-all when you hear everybody talking about intermittent fasting or doing these things on autophagy and inhibiting mTOR and all those sort of things. It's not a one-size-fits-all approach once again. It really needs to be...and just talking about the Guardians to like what we've been saying, sounds all negative. They tend to hold—and I know like my mum complains bitterly when I give her this tiny little meal at nighttime that's full of veggies, and she doesn't get a big steak like I'm eating. And that’s a pain for her at times. 

However, her body—to see the advantages of being a Guardian. Like back in the caveman days, she would have survived—I would have been long gone if there was a lack of food supply. She would have carried on and survived. Her immune system is incredibly strong. She's very resilient. She was in a wheelchair for 18 months, and she still had massively strong muscles. She's not catabolic in that, but she has a struggle with her weight. And now we've seem to have cracked the code on it. Because we're doing the meals at the right times most of the time and doing it appropriate for her body, we've had this huge weight loss over a very long period of time. 

Dr Cam: Yes.

Lisa: And that's the way to do it. That's what you want. You want to sort of do that in a controlled manner. And so there are good—and she's never going to get osteoporosis. Her bones aren't going to break. Mine? Quite likely.

Dr Cam: Yes.

Lisa: There's likely to have Alzheimer's even given whose particular situation. So those are some of the benefits just for those listening out there who resonate with that body type. Not to think it's all negative. And we've got an ‘Oh, gosh’, and we have an ‘Oh, good’ some things.

Dr Cam: And to add to that, survival wise, we would have these individuals who are much stronger than everybody else who has a focus on looking after everybody else. The reason that their body is built the way it is is when we go through famine as a community, their body goes into conservation, they start growing, or essentially, they start growing, or they start slowing down their metabolism so that they can provide food for everybody else. There's this internal ‘I must provide’. And so, their body actually assist with that, and it slows down its metabolism, enables it to gain more or at least stop the weight loss. And this is why, for this body, you can actually extend the fast because they have this incredible resilience. 

What's interesting about this body is that when you, any kind of stress—mental stress and things like that—if they experience stress, they'll say, ‘Ah, my community mustn't be safe. If I'm stressed, I'm the most resilient and I'm the strongest. So everybody else must be almost dying. So I'm going to start slowing my metabolism down straight away’. And as a result, they're going to take advantage of those hormones that help you grow, like the insulin resistance, the lower thyroid function. They're going to take advantage of those to be stronger for the community. 

Lisa: Wow.

Dr Cam: And this is a really important piece for any of your Kiwi listeners, particularly Modi and Modi populations. 

Lisa: Yes. They’re dominant Guardian.

Dr Cam: They stick out and generally have got this incredible capacity for protection. They're very family-oriented, it's all about protection of the family. And that thing comes from the same thing that makes them big and strong. It also makes them much more tolerant of prolonged fast because their body is designed to be a faster. 

What's really interesting is their body was meant to accumulate during great times. And then when the fast came along, they just ate. And as they fast, they get healthier. Like their blood sugar start normalising, whereas the Crusader or the Sensor, that the leanest of the bodies, when they fast, they start breaking down and heading towards disease because they just lack that ability to grow and that ability to accumulate. So the mTOR pathways, which is all about growth, they're actually very protective for Crusaders and senses. And so we don't want to spend too long without them versus a Guardian, Connectors. Some Connectors and Diplomats, they have probably an excess of growth. And so, for them, that pathway is going to be more relevant to modulate or at least you'll be able to influence it for longer with greater effect. 

Lisa: And this is why we see in the Polynesian community more diabetes, more cardiovascular disease, more—and then they also have a tendency to like those particular types of foods even more. So when you see with Sensors—it’s another one that we haven't gotten to, but that’s a real ectomorph body—and Crusaders have a tendency to actually want more vegetables and things, and they can actually do with more cooked, slow-cooked meats, and things like that. 

Dr Cam: Yes.

Lisa: But they have a tendency to like those sort of heavier, fattier, more sugar-rich foods when that's actually the worst thing for them. And that's why we're seeing, unfortunately, so much diabetes, so many metabolic disorders, and so on.

Dr Cam: Yes, well, those foods provide a lot of safety. By having so many calories, it's like, well, ‘If I've got enough weight on, my family is now protected’. And so there's this biological drive to eat foods that are very caloric so that you can have more mass because more mass equals more protection for my family. But if you just go and lift really, really heavy weights, your body feels heavier, your body gets the sense that it's more stable and stronger, and that can actually replace. It's a really interesting one that requirement.

Lisa: Ah, is that right?

Dr Cam: That requirement to feel it. Yes. So there's a feeling of groundedness you get from those very heavy weights, and we also know that it actually creates a bit more growth hormone, a bit more recovery overnight, but it will direct it with the right nutrients and the right exercise to muscle growth rather than fat. 

Lisa: So that's why the Diplomat and the Guardian body types, these stronger, heavier body types are really good at heavy weight lifting. And even though—because I have this argument with some of the clients that we have—women who are Guardians or Diplomats, ‘I don't want to do heavy weights. I don't want to put on more muscle mass’. But that it's—again, that’s counterintuitive. So they ended up doing lots of cardio-based stuff, which has its benefits as well, but it doesn't have the quickest response as, say, heavyweight sessions will do. 

Dr Cam: Yes.

Lisa: Is that right.

Dr Cam: That's exactly right. Yeah. And there's a number of things that need to go on, but essentially, this body needs to feel heavy. There needs to be white in the joints, like there's a joint receptor reflex that sends signals back up to the brain to say ‘You are heavy enough, therefore your family is safe’. And I know it's a bit of a…

Lisa: It’s wow.

Dr Cam: ...a narrative piece, but you only need to get someone doing this, you only need to get a hilltop, like a Guardian or a Diplomat, doing this type of training and understand the benefits of it. It's a very...

Lisa: Visceral thing really. You know what I’m saying. 

Dr Cam: It is.

Lisa: Yes.

Dr Cam: Visceral is the perfect word. 

Lisa: Yes.

Dr Cam: I was thinking soulful, but visceral is definitely...

Lisa: Visceral, yes.

Dr Cam: Yes, it resonates because they feel strong.

Lisa: It resonates with the dominant hormones. 

Dr Cam: Yes. 

Lisa: And then there's, yes. 

Dr Cam: And they’ve got these massive muscles that are not designed to lift little weights. And their biomechanics actually improve when they start lifting a heavier weight because the whole muscle is engaged in the way that it's supposed to. So it's fascinating. The form has a function, and the form directs optimal function as well if you look at it appropriately.

Lisa: And if you put a heavy weight when on your awry, we are all likely to rip something.

Dr Cam: Yes.

Lisa: A tendon or a...

Dr Cam: Or both.

Lisa: We don't like it. Yes.

Dr Cam: Yes, that’s right.

Lisa: We're better suited to medium sort of weight. So still weight training but not the heavy, heavy stuff. And we can do sort of back-to-back sessions as opposed to or back-to-back sets. Whereas with my husband and my brother, when I’m doing training with them, I get them to do a set, have a rest, do a set, have a rest. Not a CrossFit style back-to-back type of training either. 

And all of these bits of the puzzle, like getting this information helps you eliminate all the trial and error about working with your body, and so that you get the results that you want and deserve without like—because I bet there's hundreds of people sitting out there now going banging their heads against a brick wall because they've done the wrong thing for the last 20 years. And I was one of them.

Like doing ultramarathons super, super long distance for an Activator-Crusader body type. Not a good combination because I have more short-term strength than I do long-distance endurance. It doesn't mean I can never do it, but it just means that I shouldn't be doing back-to-back ultra marathons, which is what I did, and I end up paying quite a high price with my health. 

Whereas for another person, that might be perfectly fine thing to do. Probably not as the extreme of stupidness that I did it because it was just really ridiculous. And so you start—if you put your body in the right environment, get the right foods, eat at the right times of the day, work and do your mental stuff, you'll get health. And you'll get optimal performance, and you'll get longevity, all as a byproduct of doing this in the right... Can we just touch on there, Dr Cam, just before we wrap up? Because I know it's time to wrap up. But the neurotransmitters for each different body type—and we can just go over this quickly, and I think we probably need to spend an hour just on that, but maybe we'll do that next time. 

But just as a brief overview. So you said prolactin.That's the caring hormone for the Guardians and Nurturers. This is why these people make wonderful mothers and fathers and tribal leaders and leaders of companies even. Because they're that steady look-after-everybody type. If we go to the Diplomats, what are they? What's their dominant hormone or the hormone that sticks up against?

Dr Cam: They're searching for a balance of serotonin. Serotonin is what you get as a reward for things being pleasurable and enjoyable or calm and steady. So let's say that you go for a run, the longer you run, the more serotonin you get in saying, ‘Hey, calm down. You've done well. You've achieved’. And so when you finish exercise, the thing that's kind of keeping that calm and that pleasurable craziness that you feel after some sort of exercise, that's serotonin, or if you do a job well. And so this body— because they're searching for doing a job well, they'll take more time to consider before they do anything. Because they want to make sure they get the job done well so they get their serotonin. Because if they don't get their serotonin, they get very demotivated. 

Lisa: I didn’t understand aptly...

Dr Cam: So they start ruminating, and they start thinking about things. And when people rush and they go, ‘Well, I've got to think about this again because I want to make sure I do it well’. And so they'll slow down. The best example for this is kids. You got a kid who's a bit taller, stronger kind of build, just does not do mornings well. And you say, ‘Hey, let's get out of the house right now’. And they're like, ‘Oh’, and then they go slower. And this is because they're like, ‘Well, I need to get my serotonin. I thought I was going fast. I wasn't. So I'm gonna have to rethink what I was doing’. And then they reprocess the whole game again, and then they get there eventually. 

So serotonin is about pleasure, but it also moderates the speed at which people make decisions and how willing they are to take action. You've got lots of serotonin, you'll be very optimistic and so...

Lisa: I'm laughing because this is my husband, and we have this fight every day. ‘Cause I’m like, ‘Let's go to the beach and do some skimboarding or surfing or something’. And he's like, ‘Oh, you've just dropped it on me’. And I'm like, ‘What do you mean? It's not a very hard thing to run down the beach’. For heaven's, he's got to have this done and that done and this ticked off and...

Dr Cam: You’re violating the plan. 

Lisa: And I’m like, ‘Ugh’.

Dr Cam: You’re ruining his ability to get serotonin. It’s a violation of his biology. That’s right.

Lisa: Oh, I have to go and apologise.

Dr Cam: But then the Activator, obviously, they're searching for adrenaline. 

Lisa: Yes. 

Dr Cam: And so the perfect example is they want change. They want unknown, they want excitement, they want action. And so, instead of thinking about something and really planning it out, it's like, ‘How boring is that? I know exactly what's going to happen. So I need to throw something in that wasn't planned, otherwise’. And this is you see kids got this in school, where they are sitting in the class with a monitor and teacher sitting down, and all they want is move and excitement, and they sit, and they start making noise. ‘Ah! Miss!’ And they start throwing aeroplanes around the room because it gives them adrenaline, which makes their biology feel great. 

Lisa: Yes. 

Dr Cam: And so now all of a sudden, they feel really safe because they're doing something that's exciting, that is the opposite to the serotonin drive. And this is what's really important. And the funny thing is, as the universe would have it, you see a lot of couples that may…

Lisa: They’re opposite. That makes sense.

Dr Cam: Activator-Diplomat. And they are dealing with this their whole life until they realize that it's actually in their strength to work together. 

Lisa: Yes. 

Dr Cam: And then we have the Crusader, which is dopamine. So prolactin, the Guardian, is selflessness. It's ‘I’m going to do things for other people. I've got enough so I'm going to do for others’. Dopamine is ‘I'm going to do for me to get the outcome that I want’. And so it creates drive, focus. I've got—it's going to provide energy and make you feel great towards the mission. So as long as there's a mission, there'll be dopamine that's going through the Crusaders brain, locking into their reward centre and saying, ‘I must finish this’. And everything else just goes by the wayside—people, relationships, other jobs, all of that sort of stuff. ‘Because this is the way that we're going, this is what I'm being provided reward for. So this is the outcome that I want’. 

And so this hormone makes you a little bit selfish, but you can actually—for example, Lisa is doing this podcast to influence thousands of people every month for their benefit, but she's doing it for herself. And this is the thing that we allow, we—the person who cures cancer is doing it for… Let's say it's a Crusader, they do it for themselves, but it influences positively many, many people.

Lisa: Yes.

Dr Cam: It's not to say selfish and selfless are good or bad; it's just the way that the biology must interact with the world in order to feel safe. And so we must do things for ourselves as a Crusader, but it can positively benefit many.

Lisa: Yes. You can pick missions that are gonna benefit the world. I mean, the head of ph is a good example, isn't it? Yes. So you got to meet the—but you have a huge capacity to go on a mission and achieve incredible things and incredible amounts of things because you're so driven, but you have a tendency to bust yourself in the process and burn out. 

Dr Cam: Yes. That’s right.

Lisa: And that's a lot of oxidative stress if you're on the Activator side of things.

Dr Cam: Lots of inflammation. Yes, for the Crusaders, that’s for sure. 

Lisa: Yes, yes. 

Dr Cam: And what they need is they need to turn that off every now and again.

Lisa: That’s hard.

Dr Cam: Just like Guardians. Guardians need to do things for themselves too. They need to be selfish sometimes, and if they don't, they get sick. The same thing, Crusaders need to turn off and get off mission for a second every now and again. 

Lisa: And relax. This is for all body types, it's really important to do the calming breath-holding exercises and the Pilates and the yoga and being in nature and doing those things that turn the brain off. Because otherwise we're just on, on, on, and then you tend to wind up and then crash and then wind up and then crash. 

Dr Cam: That’s right. But too many of those meditative exercises and you start getting anxious that you're not getting enough done. And so it's finding that balance...

Lisa: Yes.

Dr Cam: ...of resting the mind at the best time and chronobiologically, between 6 and 10 pm, is the time when your brain is going through its best recovery. And so if you use meditation at that time, it has more impact than it would have other times, and this is where chronobiology actually comes into the mind side of things too. 

And so then we have Connectors and Sensors. So Connectors are the most social, socially inclined hilltop. They have oxytocin, which is driving their response to the environment. So oxytocin is the trust and connection hormone.

Lisa: Yes.

Dr Cam: Essentially, what they'll look to do is they'll look to create trust and connection with as many people as possible. And the way that they do that, they actually have a very powerful visual cortex, which means that when they look at somebody, they can determine their emotional state from their face.

Lisa: Wow.

Dr Cam: Then they have this ability to be a chameleon. They'll then match themselves to the person, and when you match a person's state, you create trust through commonality in resonance, essentially. 

Lisa: Wow.

Dr Cam: And so they have this ability to immediately fall into trust with people, which gives them their oxytocin, which they get from that connection, which then makes them feel good, and they can keep going. 

The trouble with this, though, is if you're trying to keep people happy all of the time, which is an important part of this, and you're not happy within yourself, it becomes inauthentic. And so then you end up chasing little droplets of oxytocin from lots of different strangers. Whereas what we need to do is really, really need to encourage Connectors to have very strong stable relationships like a dog and his owner. And the animal totem for help for the Connector is the puppy. 

Lisa: Yes.

Dr Cam: And this is because like the strength of that primary bond, what that does is it keeps a flood of oxytocin going through their body all of the time.

Lisa: They’re not chasing it in the wrong places.

Dr Cam: Exactly. And then they can go out, and they can get their little top-ups and keep the community together, which is an incredible strength.

Lisa: Yes.

Dr Cam: It's to keep people together and keep people connected. Not everyone can do that, and they have that ability. What's really interesting, though, is if they have a bad social experience, oxytocin will get tagged with that negative emotion. 

Lisa: Oh.

Dr Cam: So the next time they look to connect with somebody, it might actually be harder because they remember the bad thing that happened before. So the more positive, the more transparent, and the more best friend relationships that they can have, where they can just be themselves and be completely open and completely trusted, that allows them to constantly associate oxytocin with the great thing and great feelings, which then allows them to express themselves best as well. 

Lisa: It's incredible. 

Dr Cam: The impact of having very honest and non-judgmental friends is going to be really, really important for a Connector.

Lisa: Wow.

Dr Cam: Versus for a Sensor. Sensors are vasopressin dominant. Vasopressin is a—it’s like a survival mechanism. It essentially helps you hold on to everything. This is the leanest, slightest body. They have the smallest amount of muscle tissue and fat tissue. And essentially, their body is set up to ‘I need to protect myself because I don't have the capacity, the physical capacity’…

Lisa: Strength.

Dr Cam: …‘to actually look after other people. I need an environment that's nice and quiet. I need food that's nice and warm because I don't have a whole lot of insulation. I need an environment that is warm as well because I don't have much thermoregulation’, all of that sort of stuff. ‘I need just sensory dial down’. 

And so when you've got a body like this, when they get stressed, the vasopressin creates fluid or tension at the kidneys, and it essentially lets you hold on to all of your good stuff. It creates essentially a little bit of jealousy. ‘I like one thing at a time’. They really like monogamy in everything like, ‘One thing at a time because I can focus on one thing at a time because that's very certain’. They like certainty because lack of certainty is risky for them because they don't have much reserve in the tank. If they're out in the wilderness, ‘I need to know exactly where my food is, because I've only got a day or two of survival in my body’, or as a Guardian, for weeks. It’s...

Lisa: Yes.

Dr Cam: So as a result, their brain will be hyper-aware of the environment. They’ll be less trusting because they need certainty, and they'll want as much information as possible. They'll want to collect as much data as possible before they trust anything. And so Connectors will just be looking for trust all of the time everywhere with no information.

Lisa: Wow.

Dr Cam: Sensors will be looking for as much data, as much certainty, as much security as possible. And then they'll say, ‘Okay, this all makes logical sense. This is not a risk to me or my body. Okay, now, I'm good to put some faith in this person’. And so they'll be excellent data gatherers. They'll really make sure that they understand people, and they'll want conversations that ask for the fifth and sixth, ‘Why?’

Lisa: Why.

Dr Cam: ‘Why do you do that? And why do you do this’? We asked a few Sensors, ‘Why is that so important to you’? And they said it's because ‘The deeper I get, I get to understand this person's intentions and as to whether they're trustworthy or not’. And so they are really investigating and collecting to do that. And it's their brain that’s asking.

Lisa: And so very sceptical by nature, so very good at analysing data, and being able to sift through lots of—so they're very neurally-focused. So you see a lot of people in this type going into, say the sciences and so very neurally-driven professions. 

Dr Cam: That's right. And not quite as sceptical as Crusaders. When you've got like a bit of adrenaline and testosterone and this stuff going on, that's when you get scepticism. When we're talking about Sensors, they're actually quite open, but they will only do things that make sense. And if they've got something that works for them right now, they won't change it. And I've had clients that have got a result in the first few months, and then I see them four years later, and they're still doing the same thing, even though they have actually needed to change it. 

Lisa: Yes. Doing it all.

Dr Cam: And that’s where they've credit security out of this information.

Lisa: Stuck.

Dr Cam: ‘Certainty is good. I can trust this information, therefore I'll continue with it even if my body starts not feeling great. This came from a certain place, so I'm going to trust it, and then I’ll look for other things’. So they are quite open as long as the information is provided logically, systematically, and compartmentalise one thing at a time because that's how their brain really works.

Lisa: So they need to ask a lot of why's. And of this body type, you have a lot of people that are often quite often vegan or vegetarian, which is actually not the greatest for the body types.

Is that right? 

Dr Cam: No. Well, this body is, generally, they don't have the strongest digestion, they will get less hydrochloric acid production. They have a greater need for minerals and a greater need for growth. And the protein is actually quite important for them in that sense for both the minerals and the growth factors. But often, because they're very sensitive to the environment, their  nervous system makes them very sensitive, they tend away from things that maybe have ethical issues, or they don't feel so great about eating this meat or whatever it is, where they get huge benefits out of doing that. And eating raw vegan, for example, can be particularly bad for this individual because they just don't have the capacity to digest all of those. 

Lisa: Yes.

Dr Cam: Very tough fibres. And they need a bit more help. And even if the food is very cold, and they need warmth in their body because the cold will actually reduce their stomach acid even further. So going for warm cooked vegetables would actually be a really, really great start, but then aging in some protein that can provide those minerals and that extra growth.

Lisa: And stuff. 

Well, Dr Cam, this has been an absolutely mindblowing episode. I think if you haven't kind of way going, ‘Wow, I need to know what I am’, and if you do reach out to us because that's what we do. 

Dr Cam, thank you very much. And you're going to be a repeat offender again on the show regularly throughout the year, covering different scientific topics around the genetic side of things and epigenetics. So thank you very much for sacrificing your time today. Really, really appreciate it. And I learn a lot every time I get to talk to you so it's been a real privilege again to have you on.

Dr Cam: It's so good to be here again, Lisa. I'm looking forward to the stuff coming in the future too.

That's it this week for Pushing The Limits. Be sure to rate, review and share with your friends and head over and visit Lisa and her team at lisatamati.com

The information contained in this show is not medical advice it is for educational purposes only and the opinions of guests are not the views of the show. Please seed your own medical advice from a registered medical professional.

There is now emerging research about hyperbaric oxygen therapy and its ability to help with sickness and improve general health. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is not a cure-all miracle, however, it can help supply our bodies with the oxygen they need to repair and heal themselves! 

In this episode, Dr Jason Sonners tackle common misconceptions about oxygen and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Dr Jason discusses oxidative stress and what can make it positive or negative for our bodies. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may not be widely used in hospitals, but the emerging research surrounding it shows incredible results. Take your health into your own hands and discover how hyperbaric oxygen therapy can improve your health!

If you want to learn more about how hyperbaric oxygen therapy works, then this episode is for you!

Get Customised Guidance for Your Genetic Make-Up

For our epigenetics health programme, all about optimising your fitness, lifestyle, nutrition and mind performance to your particular genes, go to https://www.lisatamati.com/page/epigenetics-and-health-coaching/.

Customised Online Coaching for Runners

CUSTOMISED RUN COACHING PLANS — How to Run Faster, Be Stronger, Run Longer Without Burnout & Injuries

Have you struggled to fit in training in your busy life? Maybe you don't know where to start, or perhaps you have done a few races but keep having motivation or injury troubles?

Do you want to beat last year’s time or finish at the front of the pack? Want to run your first 5-km or run a 100-miler?

​​Do you want a holistic programme that is personalised & customised to your ability, goals, and lifestyle? 

Go to www.runninghotcoaching.com for our online run training coaching.

Health Optimisation and Life Coaching

Are you struggling with a health issue and need people who look outside the square and are connected to some of the greatest science and health minds in the world? Then reach out to us at support@lisatamati.com, we can jump on a call to see if we are a good fit for you.

If you have a big challenge ahead, are dealing with adversity or want to take your performance to the next level and want to learn how to increase your mental toughness, emotional resilience, foundational health, and more, contact us at support@lisatamati.com.

Order My Books

My latest book Relentless chronicles the inspiring journey about how my mother and I defied the odds after an aneurysm left my mum Isobel with massive brain damage at age 74. The medical professionals told me there was absolutely no hope of any quality of life again. Still, I used every mindset tool, years of research and incredible tenacity to prove them wrong and bring my mother back to full health within three years. Get your copy here: https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books/products/relentless.

For my other two best-selling books Running Hot and Running to Extremes, chronicling my ultrarunning adventures and expeditions all around the world, go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books.

Lisa’s Anti-Ageing and Longevity Supplements 

NMN: Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, an NAD+ precursor

Feel Healthier and Younger*

Researchers have found that Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide or NAD+, a master regulator of metabolism and a molecule essential for the functionality of all human cells, is being dramatically decreased over time.

What is NMN?

NMN Bio offers a cutting edge Vitamin B3 derivative named NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) that can boost the levels of NAD+ in muscle tissue and liver. Take charge of your energy levels, focus, metabolism and overall health so you can live a happy, fulfilling life.

Founded by scientists, NMN Bio offers supplements of the highest purity and are rigorously tested by an independent, third-party lab. Start your cellular rejuvenation journey today.

Support Your Healthy Ageing

We offer powerful third-party tested NAD+ boosting supplements so you can start your healthy ageing journey today.

Shop now: https://nmnbio.nz/collections/all

• NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 250mg | 30 capsules
• NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 500mg | 30 capsules
• 6 Bottles | NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 250mg | 30 Capsules
• 6 Bottles | NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 500mg | 30 Capsules

Quality You Can Trust — NMN

Our premium range of anti-ageing nutraceuticals (supplements that combine Mother Nature with cutting edge science) combats the effects of aging while designed to boost NAD+ levels. Manufactured in an ISO9001 certified facility

Boost Your NAD+ Levels — Healthy Ageing: Redefined

• Cellular Health
• Energy & Focus
• Bone Density
• Skin Elasticity
• DNA Repair
• Cardiovascular Health
• Brain Health 
• Metabolic Health

My ‘Fierce’ Sports Jewellery Collection

For my gorgeous and inspiring sports jewellery collection, 'Fierce', go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/lisa-tamati-bespoke-jewellery-collection.

Here are three reasons why you should listen to the full episode:

1. Learn how hyperbaric oxygen therapy works as a panacea, and why it’s different from simply breathing in oxygen. 
2. Discover the benefits of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and how it can serve as positive oxidative stress to our bodies. 
3. Understand the future of hyperbaric oxygen therapy research and how there’s growing study into its applications and synergy with different therapies.

Resources

• If you would like more information on purchasing or renting hyperbaric chambers please contact Lisa on lisa@lisatamati.com and she can advise you further.
• Gain exclusive access and bonuses to Pushing the Limits Podcast by becoming a patron! 
• Hyperbaric Environment: Oxygen and Cellular Damage versus Protection
• Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy - Discussion between Dr Jason Sonners & Dr Mercola from the Take Control of Your Health podcast 
• Oxygen Under Pressure by Dr Jason Sonners
• Check out previous Pushing the Limit episodes: 
• • Episode 230 - Exploring Ari of the Possible with Dr Joe Dituri 
  • Episode 227 - Fighting Cancer and Other Diseases Using the Ketogenic Diet with Dr Dominic D'Agostino 
  • Episode 170 - Search for the Perfect Amino Protein and Why So Many of Us are Deficient with Dr David Minkoff 
  • Episode 116 - AMA with Dom D’Agostino, PhD, Part I of II: Ketogenic diet, exogenous ketones, and exercise
  • Episode 120 – AMA with Dom D’Agostino, PhD, Part II of II: Ketosis for cancer and chronic disease, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and the effect of ketosis on female health 
• Connect with Dr Jason: Website I NJ HBOT Center I Youtube I Email (drjasonsonners@hbotusa.com)

Episode Highlights

[02:53] Introduction to Dr Jason

• Dr Jason’s background is in exercise physiology, chiropractic and nutrition. 
• When he got a herniated disc, he was confident in his and his wife’s abilities to help him recover. However, it did not fully heal even after 18 months. 
• Dr Jason then happened to attend a chiropractic conference and discovered hyperbaric chambers. He took sessions for four days and immediately saw improvement.
• His experience made him want to better understand hyperbaric oxygen therapy. 

[07:04] How Hyperbaric is Growing

• Despite its impact and effectiveness, hyperbaric is not widely used in hospitals. 
• Dr Jason explains this is largely because of politics and insurance. There’s also a myth that oxygen is dangerous. 
• The medical profession typically uses antibiotics to heal wounds, but antibiotics focus on reducing infection risks and do not improve the healing response. 
• Typically, doctors and insurance companies do not bring access and awareness to hyperbaric. It’s typically the patient. 
• Because of a large interest in hyperbaric, Dr Jason was able to set up 30 hyperbaric clinics last year. 

[14:14] How Hyperbaric Acts as a Panacea

• Dr Jason emphasises that hyperbaric therapy does not cure anything, but it can help with general wellness since your cells use oxygen to make energy. 
• Even if you’re 100% saturated with oxygen, it does not mean that you have the oxygen needed to heal or fuel certain systems. 
• In the full episode, Dr Jason explains how we never have a surplus of oxygen for regeneration. 
• Hyperbaric therapy can create a reservoir of oxygen in our bodies and improve oxygen absorption to feed the tissues that need it. The reservoir is used over a 10-hour period. 
• Hyperbaric chambers put oxygen under pressure, compressing the molecules until they’re small enough to dissolve into tissues. 

[20:36] How Oxygen and Pressure Works 

• When you go above sea level, it becomes harder to breathe. 
• This is not because there’s less oxygen, but because of how pressure forces oxygen into your circulation. 
• Every time you breathe, red blood cells pick up oxygen molecules and take them where they’re needed. 
• With hyperbarics, oxygen dissolves at a faster rate than the capacity of red blood cells. Oxygen then stays in the liquid. 
• Red blood cells cannot bring oxygen to damaged tissues, however, hyperbaric allows them access as it produces an excess of oxygen in the liquid.

[23:01] Short-term and Long-term Benefits of Hyperbarics 

• Our cells use food to create NAD and oxidized NAD becomes the fuel for our cells.
• Hyperbarics helps increase oxidation and, therefore, more fuel or ATP production. 
• Long-term benefits of hyperbaric include immune system upregulation, stem cell release, angiogenesis, and rebuilding of blood vessels. 

[25:48] Is There Such a Thing as Getting Out Too Quickly? 

• When divers get out of water too quickly, the danger is not from the oxygen but from nitrogen. Too much nitrogen can block blood vessels and choke arteries. 
• The level of nitrogen depends on how deep a hyperbaric chamber is. However, most hyperbaric environments do not contain nitrogen. 
• Dr Jason shares that leaving a hyperbaric chamber makes the body think it’s becoming hypoxic, but it’s not actual hypoxia. 
• This state drives the angiogenesis growth factors. 

[30:39] Differences Between Short and Long Hyperbaric Sessions

• When working with athletes, Dr Jason uses short 20–30 minute sessions to give a boost. 
• The hyperbaric chamber puts you in a parasympathetic state in which your body slows down, relaxes, and heals. 
• Doing hyperbaric at night can help people sleep better. 
• Dr Jason shares that around 30% of people get stimulated instead after doing hyperbaric, so he recommends these people do hyperbaric in the morning. 

[32:50] What Can Hyperbaric Help With? 

• Dr Jason shares that hyperbaric research is still in progress and may not provide in-depth insights into certain conditions. 
• Hyperbaric therapy works for necrotizing fasciitis and gangrene. Hyperbaric therapy helps to reduce microbe activity and breaks down biofilms that anaerobic organisms.
• Conceptually, hyperbaric therapy would also work on other anaerobic infections like H Pylori. 
• It also helps white blood cells kill both bacterial and viral infections. Hyperbaric therapy can also help with neuropathy, strokes, and TBI. 
• There is still little research on its effect on ALS and MS, but Dr Jason notes that since it’s an ongoing process, hyperbaric therapy can only work if it’s done aggressively. 

[37:48] When is Oxidative Stress Beneficial or Detrimental? 

• Oxidative stress is the reason we’re dying, but it also helps us. 
• Everything requires balance and reactive oxygen species help promote cell turnover. 
• There needs to be enough damage to stimulate healing.
• While oxidation from the outside environment destroys our bodies, oxidation from hyperbaric therapy increases mitochondrial performance. 
• As people get used to hyperbaric sessions, they can build a tolerance to oxidation from the outside environment. 

[42:48] The Importance of Protocols

• Healthy people can use hyperbarics periodically as it’s relatively safe. 
• For people with serious health concerns, it’s important to have a good protocol to match different therapies together. 

[46:28] How Does Molecular Hydrogen Work with Hyperbarics?

• Molecular hydrogen is not an antioxidant, but it can act like one.
• When oxidizing, our bodies sometimes experience incomplete combustion and create superoxide or free radicals. 
• Using molecular hydrogen mixes excess oxygen with excess hydrogen to reduce free radical production. 

[49:41] Can Hyperbarics Help with COVID-19? 

• There’s been a huge interest in hyperbarics to help manage COVID-19 since it can help improve oxygen saturation. 
• Viruses need to be contained by our immune system. We can typically live with viruses in our body without them expressing. 
• COVID-19 is a new type of infection so it takes longer for people’s immune systems to get it under control. 
• Other dormant infections can surface since our immune systems are so depleted. 
• Hyperbarics can help refuel that immune system. 

[56:29] Importance of Synergy 

• Senescence cells can help protect the DNA against oxidative stress. 
• Combining hyperbaric therapy with other autophagy-related therapies like fasting and keto can create a synergistic effect. 

[1:00:15] Future of Hyperbarics and Epigenetics Research 

• Dr Jason has written a book and uses his YouTube channel to help dispel myths about hyperbarics. 
• He shares that most research focuses on high-pressure hyperbarics, but his practice shows that people see benefits at all pressures. 
• There is growing research comparing benefits at different pressures. 
• What you do now is going to affect the next generation. While intergenerational toxicity exists, you can also re-teach your cells to express a healthier version of themselves. 

7 Powerful Quotes

“Just like anything else, you need to know how to use [oxygen], how to operate it properly, how to keep it within a safe means and make it effective.”

“This might not sound fabulous, but [oxygen] doesn't cure anything. It just helps with so many things.”

“Not only do we have to exercise properly, but the framework of alignment, and posture, and all the pieces that predispose the body to breaking down prematurely, and where chiropractic fit the model of really trying to improve that story.”

“I can only hold my breath for a couple minutes and if I can get a little bit more oxygen, maybe I could heal a little bit faster. To some extent, it's that simple.”

“If we make really great changes, and then we decide to have children at some point, we may not have to pass down the intergenerational toxicity.”

“Every virus you've ever had, you'll always have. They live contained, so to speak, and as long as our immune system can keep things in quarantine that way, we can typically live with these viruses in our body without actually expressing.”

“Molecular hydrogen is technically not an antioxidant, but it has antioxidant-like capacity.”

About Dr Jason

Dr Jason Sonners, DC, DIBAK, DCBCN, CCWP, CHP is a certified hyperbaric practitioner and is the Clinic Director of NJ HBOT and HBOT USA. He combines hyperbaric oxygen therapy, exercise, nutrition, and detoxification programs to help support patients through a variety of conditions including autoimmune and neurological conditions, autism, allergies, cancer, and many others. 

Passionate about spreading the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, Dr Jason wrote the book, Oxygen Under Pressure, and regularly uploads to the HBOT USA YouTube channel. 

Learn more about Dr Jason and his work through his website, NJ HBOT Center, and Youtube.

You can also contact him through email (drjasonsonners@hbotusa.com).

Enjoyed This Podcast?

If you did, be sure to subscribe and share it with your friends!

Post a review and share it! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review. You can also share this with your family and friends so they can know the basics of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. 

Have any questions? You can contact me through email (support@lisatamati.com) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.

To pushing the limits,

Lisa

When faced with a medical condition, most people either pay someone else to improve their lives or develop a fatalistic or defeatist view. But you have the power to change your life and improve your health. You can reprogram your mind for a healthy body and fulfilling life.

In this episode, Dr. Bruce Lipton discusses how conscious and subconscious programs dictate our health and how you can reprogram them to your advantage. He also touches on topics including the current healthcare crisis around the world and spirituality.

If you’d like to learn about reprogramming your subconscious for your happiness and a healthy body, this episode is for you!

Here are three reasons why you should listen to the full episode:

1. Discover the power of epigenetic programming and how it works.
2. Learn the three ways to reprogram your mind for a healthy body.
3. Find out how the healthcare industry could be negatively affecting your health.

Customised Guidance for Your Genetic Make-Up

Our epigenetics health programme is all about aligning fitness, lifestyle, nutrition, and cognitive performance to an individual’s particular genes. To learn more, visit https://www.lisatamati.com/page/epigenetics-and-health-coaching/.

Customised Online Coaching for Runners

CUSTOMISED COACHING PLANS FOR RUNNERS — How to Run Faster, Be Stronger, and Run Longer – Without Burnout & Injuries

Have you struggled to fit training into your busy life? Maybe you don't know where to start, or perhaps you have done a few races but struggle with motivation or injuries.

Do you want to beat your time from last year, or finish at the front of the pack? Do you want to run your first 5-km, or run a 100-miler?

​​Do you want a holistic programme that is personalised and customised to your ability, goals, and lifestyle? 

Go to www.runninghotcoaching.com for our online run training coaching.

Health Optimisation and Life Coaching

Are you struggling with a health issue and need people to look outside the box – people who are connected to some of the greatest science and health minds in the world? Reach out to us at support@lisatamati.com. We can jump on a call to see if we are a good fit for you.

If you are dealing with adversity, are facing a big challenge ahead, want to take your performance to the next level,or want to learn how to increase your mental toughness, emotional resilience, foundational health, and more, contact us at support@lisatamati.com.

Order My Books

My latest book, Relentless, chronicles how my mother and I defied the odds. After an aneurysm left my mum, Isobel, with massive brain damage at age 74, the medical professionals told me there was no hope for any quality of life again. I used every mindset tool, years of research and incredible tenacity to prove them wrong and bring my mother back to her full health within three years. Get your copy here: https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books/products/relentless.

For my other two best-selling books Running Hot and Running to Extremes, chronicling my ultrarunning adventures and expeditions all around the world, go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books.

Lisa’s Anti-Ageing and Longevity Supplements 

NMN: Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, an NAD+ precursor

Feel Healthier and Younger*

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (or NAD+) is a molecule essential for the functionality of all human cells. It also regulates metabolism.

What is NMN?

NMN Bio offers a cutting edge Vitamin B3 derivative, NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide), which can boost the levels of NAD+ in muscle tissue and in the liver. Take charge of your energy levels, focus, metabolism, and overall health to live a happy, fulfilling life.

Founded by scientists, NMN Bio offers supplements of the highest purity and rigorously tested by an independent, third-party lab. Start your cellular rejuvenation journey today.

Support Your Healthy Ageing

We offer powerful third-party-tested NAD+ boosting supplements. Start your healthy ageing journey today.

Shop now: https://nmnbio.nz/collections/all

• NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 250mg | 30 capsules
• NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 500mg | 30 capsules
• 6 Bottles | NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 250mg | 30 Capsules
• 6 Bottles | NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 500mg | 30 Capsules

Quality You Can Trust — NMN

Our premium range of anti-ageing nutraceuticals (supplements that combine Mother Nature with cutting edge science) combats the effects of ageing and is designed to boost NAD+ levels. Products are manufactured in an ISO9001 certified facility.

Boost Your NAD+ Levels — Healthy Ageing: Redefined

• Cellular Health
• Energy & Focus
• Bone Density
• Skin Elasticity
• DNA Repair
• Cardiovascular Health
• Brain Health 
• Metabolic Health

My ‘Fierce’ Sports Jewellery Collection

For my gorgeous and inspiring sportswear jewellery collection, 'Fierce,’ visit https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/lisa-tamati-bespoke-jewellery-collection.

Episode Highlights

[04:24] Stem Cells and Epigenetics

• We lose millions of cells every minute. We get new cells from stem cells.
• Dr Bruce Lipton was cloning stem cells in 1967.
• Genetic determinism is false, as genes are merely blueprints. Your mind is the one that activates and modifies the genes.
• Genes do not cause diseases; instead, they correlate with them.

[13:56] Genes vs. Consciousness

• Believing in genetic determinism can make you feel like a powerless victim.
• Epigenetics is about controlling your genes and knowing that consciousness is creating disease. Changing your biology and behaviour can change your life.
• Before you can control your genes, you need to learn how epigenetics works and how to do it.
• Our brains are computers; you need suitable programming.

[19:35] The Power of Programs

• Remember that you have the power to exert control over your physiological systems and attain a healthy body.
• Thinking, which takes up 95% of your life, redirects the focus of consciousness inside your head and allows autopilot programming to take over.
• Your programs determine your life and mentality, so pay attention to them.

[29:34] Three Ways to Reprogram For a Healthy Body

• Our two minds ⁠— the conscious and subconscious ⁠— function and learn differently.
• Putting your brain into theta using hypnosis can help you change a program.
• You need practice and repetition to create a solid program.
• Energy psychology is about looking at your life to find out your programs and changing the subconscious programs.

[46:57] Spirituality Frequency

• If a television breaks, the broadcast still keeps going.
• Your body is the television, and you're the broadcast. In a sense, this means that you cannot die.
• Listen to the full episode for research on cellular electrical activity and its correlation with mothers and their children!

[51:25] What Happens After Death

• We can keep our minds conscious about what happens in the world, but we can tune into intuition so that the deceased become part of the field of information.
• Communicating with the deceased at an intuitive level is possible.

[52:25] How Fear Affects Programs

• The issues that plague the world, such as pollution and war, are created by programs.
• We make antibodies before we're even born. Antigens stimulate the immune response and are what our bodies use to identify pathogens.
• If you have a healthy body, stop looking for bad signs or symptoms. Looking or the symptoms of a disease can create them.
• Fear causes immune system shutdown, vulnerability, and conflict.

[1:05:17] Negative Impacts of Corporations

• A corporation’s first and foremost rule is to make money for shareholders.
• Pharmaceutical companies only care about making money, robbing people of their chance at a healthy body.
• Science has no more freedom because corporations control the flow of research.
• If you want to hear more about how big healthcare corporations and pharmaceutical companies exploit people for profit, listen to the full episode!

[1:11:09] Does Medicine Cure or Kill?

• An article by Dr Barbara Starfield, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2000, revealed that medicine is the third leading cause of death in the US.
• Iatrogenic illness refers to illness caused by medical treatment.
• A few years ago, an article in the British Medical Journal came up with the same results.
• Both prescription and illegal drugs kill people every year.
• We can't even trust vitamins because they're being regulated as drugs.

7 Powerful Quotes

‘Here's the point, most everybody out here has been programmed by the belief that genes provide the character of our lives, that they came from our parents and they determine our traits. And if we don't like our traits, you can't change the genes.’

‘How you see the world will determine which version of protein will be created from a gene, like a wiser realm.’

‘Then epigenetics says that my consciousness is creating this. And therefore if I change my consciousness, I change my biology, change my behaviour, I can do anything with it.’

‘Consciousness is you. Your specific identity, your spiritual domain, you, here. The rest of the brain back here is called subconscious, below conscious.’

‘You weren't there for most of the programming. It started even before you were born. And it went a whole year from zero to one — you weren't there. They went from one to two who are in therapy, you're getting programmed every day.’

‘So when the TV breaks, did the broadcast stop? The answer's no. How do you know I said, we'll get another TV, plug it in, turn it on and tune it to the station back on again. And here comes apart because this is called reincarnation, you cannot die.’

‘Evolution is community coming together in harmony. And today's world is the antithesis of evolution and evolution as one separate the world and then make polarised groups charging each other go well then there's no unity.’

Resources

• Gain exclusive access and bonuses to Pushing the Limits Podcast by becoming a patron! 
• Dopesick
• Is US Health Really the Best in the World? by Dr Barbara Starfield
• Check out Dr Bruce Lipton’s books:
• • The Biology of Belief
  • The Honeymoon Effect
  • Spontaneous Evolution
• Connect with Dr Bruce: Website

About Dr Bruce 

Dr Bruce Lipton is a renowned stem cell biologist and leader in bridging the gap between science and spirit. He received his PhD from the University of Virginia in Charlottesville and joined the Department of Anatomy at the University of Wisconsin’s School of Medicine in 1973. His studies on stem cells gave rise to epigenetics.

He is the bestselling author of The Biology of Belief and recipient of the 2009 Goi Peace Award. As a highly sought after keynote speaker and workshop presenter, he's been a guest speaker on hundreds of TV and radio shows and a keynote presenter for national and international conferences. Many people have transformed their lives by applying the principles he discusses in lectures. He is one of the leading voices of new biology. 

Learn more about Dr Bruce’s work on his website.

Enjoyed This Podcast?

If you did, subscribe and share it with your friends!

Post a review and share it! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review. You can also share this with your family and friends so they can know how to optimise their health and happiness by reprogramming their subconscious. Everyone can have a healthy body — it just takes the right programming.

Have any questions? You can contact me through email (support@lisatamati.com) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.

To pushing the limits,

Lisa

Most of us go about our lives, assuming that the changes we may feel in our bodies are simply signs of aging. When we’re sick, we look for treatments and quick fixes.  A more proactive approach to your health could save you from the financial and emotional distress that comes with a scary diagnosis. 

In this episode, Dr Charles Meakin discusses how Care Oncology has provided early detection services, along with alternative and additional treatments for cancer patients. He talks about the benefits of disease prevention, particularly cancer prevention. He also shares the six fundamentals for better health and encourages us to live healthier, even if we don't suffer from diseases. 

Read the episode if you want to learn more about cancer and disease prevention through better life practices!

Here are three reasons you should listen to the full episode:

1. Understand how Care Oncology is providing accessible options for cancer detection and treatment. Find out the four drugs on which the company is focusing its efforts.
2. Discover Dr Charles' six fundamentals for better health. 
3. Learn to see threats as opportunities and be able to stay consistent. 

Get Customised Guidance for Your Genetic Make-Up

For our epigenetics health program, all about optimising your fitness, lifestyle, nutrition, and mental performance to your particular genes, go to https://wellness.lisatamati.com/epigenetics.

Customised Online Coaching for Runners

CUSTOMISED RUN COACHING PLANS — How to Run Faster, Be Stronger, Run Longer Without Burnout & Injuries

Have you struggled to fit into training in your busy life? Maybe you don't know where to start, or perhaps you have done a few races but keep having motivation or injury troubles?

Do you want to beat last year or finish at the front of the pack? Want to run your first 5-km or run a 100-miler?

​​Do you want a holistic program that is personalised & customised to your ability, goals, and lifestyle? 

Go to www.runninghotcoaching.com for our online run training coaching.

Health Optimisation and Life Coaching

Are you struggling with a health issue and need people who look outside the square and are connected to some of the world's greatest science and health minds? Then reach out to us at support@lisatamati.com, and we can jump on a call to see if we are a good fit for you.

If you have an enormous challenge ahead, are dealing with adversity, or want to take your performance to the next level and learn how to increase your mental toughness, emotional resilience, foundational health, and more, contact us at support@lisatamati.com.

Order My Books

My latest book, Relentless, chronicles the inspiring journey of how my mother and I defied the odds after an aneurysm left my mum Isobel with massive brain damage at age 74. The medical professionals told me there was absolutely no hope of any quality of life again. Still, I used every mindset tool, years of research, and incredible tenacity to prove them wrong and bring my mother back to full health within three years. Get your copy here: https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books/products/relentless.

For my other two best-selling books Running Hot and Running to Extremes, chronicling my ultra-running adventures and expeditions all around the world, go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books.

Lisa's Anti-Ageing and Longevity Supplements 

NMN: Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, an NAD+ precursor

Feel Healthier and Younger*

Researchers have found that Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide or NAD+, a master regulator of metabolism and a molecule essential for the functionality of all human cells, is being dramatically decreased over time. 

What is NMN?

NMN Bio offers a cutting-edge Vitamin B3 derivative named NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) that can boost the levels of NAD+ in muscle tissue and the liver. Take charge of your energy levels, focus, metabolism, and overall health to live a happy, fulfilling life.

Founded by scientists, NMN Bio offers supplements of the highest purity and is rigorously tested by an independent, third-party lab. Start your cellular rejuvenation journey today.

Support Your Healthy Aging

We offer powerful third-party tested NAD+ boosting supplements so you can start your healthy aging journey today.

Shop now: https://nmnbio.nz/collections/all

• NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 250mg | 30 capsules
• NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 500mg | 30 capsules
• 6 Bottles | NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 250mg | 30 Capsules
• 6 Bottles | NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 500mg | 30 Capsules

Quality You Can Trust — NMN

Our premium range of anti-aging nutraceuticals (supplements that combine Mother Nature with groundbreaking science) combats the effects of aging while designed to boost NAD+ levels—manufactured in an ISO9001 certified facility.

Boost Your NAD+ Levels — Healthy Aging: Redefined

• Cellular Health
• Energy & Focus
• Bone Density
• Skin Elasticity
• DNA Repair
• Cardiovascular Health
• Brain Health 
• Metabolic Health

My 'Fierce' Sports Jewellery Collection

For my gorgeous and inspiring sports jewellery collection, 'Fierce,' go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/lisa-tamati-bespoke-jewellery-collection.

Episode Highlights

[03:45] Dr Charles' and Care Oncology's Background 

• Charles has worked in oncology for 30 years. He started working at a big hospital in Charlotte, but pivoted after becoming legally blind. 
• He eventually discovered Care Oncology, a company that applies metabolic strategies for cancer treatment. 
• Care Oncology was started by Robin Bannister, a pharmacist and drug developer. His wife had developed stage-four breast cancer and had exhausted all treatment options. 
• Robin selected four drugs commonly used for non-cancer disorders but were found to affect cancer. 
• Robin selected four drugs based on human data, safety, non-overlapping effects, and their benefits for other chronic conditions. 

[08:46] Care Oncology's Approach

• Care Oncology uses metformin, atorvastatin, doxycycline, and mebendazole. The company kept to the dosage of the four drugs within a specific range. 
• Additional drugs, like Prozac and oxaloacetate, also proved helpful along with the metabolic approach. 
• Over the years, cancer research has focused more on the somatic mutation theory than the metabolic theory. 
• The metabolic approach to cancer is slowly becoming more widespread. 
• Even Dr Weinberg, who championed the hallmarks of cancer, added three more hallmarks that are purely metabolic.   

[16:52] Diet and Future of the Metabolic Approach

• From a somatic perspective, diet is not very important to curing cancer; however, food does affect cancer. 
• The standard American diet of proteins and fruits and grains can cause issues for cancer patients.
• Care Oncology has recently merged with Stage Zero Life Sciences for early detection. They perform blood biopsies and are looking into the RNA expression of white blood cells. 
• Early detection technology is slowly becoming more available. 
• As the company expands, they intend to add various types of cancers to their treatment list. . Learn about Care Oncology's testing process by listening to the full episode. 

[30:38] What Care Oncology Prioritises

• Charles shares that Care Oncology prioritises the markers with the most impact, as nuanced tests are more expensive. 
• The death rate from cancer may decrease, but the cancer rate is increasing.
• He shares how one in three women who get breast cancer become bankrupt after treatments.
• Care Oncology wants to reverse this experience by providing cheaper early detection methods through blood biopsies. Their process includes follow-ups and discussions. 
• Their State Zero tests are currently available only in the US, but the company hopes to expand over time.  

[36:28] Why Early Detection is Important 

• Tests can predict patterns before cancer physically manifests. 
• It's important to get regular physicals, lifestyle checks, and screenings every 18 months to 2 years. 
• The earlier you detect cancer, the higher the survival rate. . Early detection can also mean less expensive.
• According to Charles, colon cancer detected in stage one has a 90% chance of being cured. However, the later the cancer is detected, the lower the chance of being cured.
• It costs more to fix something than to prevent something. 

[43:11] There's No One Treatment for Everyone

• Charles shares that his best outcomes were when he customised treatments based on patients' needs.
• Unfortunately, cancer treatment is often too focused on following guidelines. 
• It’s important for patients to have hope that they can get better. 
• Unfortunately, physicians have little time to fully engage with patients.
• There is no “right way” to treat cancer. What works for one patient may not work for others.
• Talk to your doctors about what you’re putting in your body. This also applies to the vaccine and diet. 

[56:12] Balance is Key 

• It’s important to be aware of your sugar intake. A patient’s BMI can have an impact on the success of treatments. 
• Charles recommends intermittent fasting with a diet of animal protein, healthy fats, and low fructose fruits. Couple this diet with micro-exercises before and after meals. 
• Our muscles are the biggest organ in our body, and they can act as metabolic neutralizers. 
• Make sure your meals are balanced. Remember to consider your sleep and mood.  

[1:01:48] Find Opportunities 

• Everything can be seen as an opportunity to learn more about yourself and to grow. 
• See things as a challenge instead of a threat.
• Not everyone has a growth mindset, but people will ‌develop this by identifying their purpose. 

[1:06:32] Dr Mekin’s Recommendations: BEGSIS

• First, nostril breathing. 
• Second, eat only real foods made up of fats, proteins, and low carbohydrates. Keep yourself hydrated. 
• Get moving to maintain and enhance your functionality. 
• Sleep. Make sure you recover and have your rhythms in order. 
• Have intent and always have a mission bigger than yourself. 
• Be social and involve yourself with others. Social isolation is a predictor of demise.  

[1:10:37] Focus on Fundamentals 

• With everything happening in the world, it's easy to focus on the negative. 
• Remember to be in the moment and look for the beauty in life. 
• Get back to the core fundamentals. 

[1:13:33] Keep Testing Yourself 

• Not everyone can do everything at the same time. Therefore, doctors need to help people prioritise what will work for them. 
• Charles shares that he's very proud of Care Oncology's work in cancer treatment. 
• Despite being 63, he likes to climb mountains annually to challenge himself. 
• Charles details how he puts himself in uncomfortable situations in the full episode.

[1:19:21] Future of Medicine

• Charles shares that the next ten years may change many things in medicine. 
• Look into the research. Clinical practice is often behind the latest developments. 
• Stay persistent and take care of yourself.
• Twenty years ago, people would die one year after losing their vitality and independence. Now, they tend to live up to 12 years. They may be alive, but they're often unhappy. 

7 Powerful Quotes.'

'A healthy person has multiple wishes and ideas while a sick person only has one wish — that's to get better again. Early spending of the dedication of time and money pays off.'

'A lower dose metabolic protocol with prescription drugs and supplements, and lifestyle coaching prevent the development of disease or cancer.'

'If you find cancer in stage one, you have a greater than 90% cure, which is surgery at most. Then if you find it in stage four, the cure rate drops down to the mid-teens, then you're never off treatment, and you will spend a fortune.'

'...to eat anything. That is the worst advice that you can give a cancer patient.'

"We're evolutionarily designed to eat primarily fats and proteins with some seasonal carbohydrates. So that's what 99% of our biology was based on.'

'Sometimes, an ounce of prevention could save you financially and, actually, health.'

'A lot of times, there's a silver lining to some of these obstacles put in our way.'

Resources

• Gain exclusive access and bonuses to Pushing the Limits Podcast by becoming a patron! 
• Tripping Over the Truth: How the Metabolic Theory of Cancer Is Overturning One of Medicine's Most Entrenched Paradigms by Travis Christofferson 
• Curable: How an Unlikely Group of Radical Innovators is Trying to Transform our Health Care System by Travis Christofferson 
• How to Starve Cancer by Jane McLelland
• Listen to our previous episodes: 
• • Episode 229: Cancer Treatments: Starve Cancer, Be Free From It with Jane McLelland
  • Episode 227: Fighting Cancer and Other Diseases Using The Ketogenic Diet with Dr Dominic D'Agostino  
• Care Oncology: Website I Facebook 
• AVRT Now
• Connect with Dr Charles: LinkedIn 
• Want to learn more from Dr Charles? Check out Coach it Forward Chuck  

About Dr Charles

Dr Charles Meakin is the US Medical Director at Care Oncology Clinic with over 40 years of experience in healthcare, eastern philosophies, fitness predictors of longevity, and happiness. In 2018, he retired after 30 years in radiation oncology practice due to a worsening retinal condition. He then joined Care Oncology and launched his charity health and wellness coaching. 

Want to learn more about Charles? Check out Care Oncology and Coach it Forward, Chuck. 

You can also find him on LinkedIn.   

Enjoyed This Podcast?

If you did, subscribe and share it with your friends!

Post a review and share it! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review. You can also share this with your family and friends so they can know how to prevent diseases like cancer.

If you have any other queries, you can contact me through email (support@lisatamati.com) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and YouTube.

For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.

To pushing the limits, Lisa.

When we optimise our performance, we usually think of the basics of training, sleep, and food. Yet, we often miss one important aspect: breathing. If you have ever felt brain fog, a racing mind or insomnia, breathing may be the solution you need. 

In this episode, Patrick McKeown joins us to explain how mouth breathing can harm our health and performance, and many people still do this unconsciously. He shares that we need to transition to nasal breathing to help us breathe better. The change may be difficult at first, but Patrick encourages us through steps to help guide this change. 

If you want to know more about the science behind nasal breathing, then this episode is for you. 

Get Customised Guidance for Your Genetic Make-Up

For our epigenetics health program all about optimizing your fitness, lifestyle, nutrition, and mind performance to your particular genes, go to

https://wellness.lisatamati.com/epigenetics.

Online Coaching for Runners

Go to www.runninghotcoaching.com for our online run training coaching. You can also join our free live webinar on runners' warm-up to learn how a structured and specific warm-up can make a massive difference in how you run.

Consult with Me

If you would like to work with me one to one on anything from your mindset, to head injuries, to biohacking your health, to optimal performance or executive coaching, please book a consultation here: https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/consultations

Order My Books

My latest book Relentless chronicles the inspiring journey about how my mother and I defied the odds after an aneurysm left my mum Isobel with massive brain damage at age 74. The medical professionals told me there was absolutely no hope of any quality of life again, but I used every mindset tool, years of research and incredible tenacity to prove them wrong and bring my mother back to full health within 3 years. Get your copy here: http://relentlessbook.lisatamati.com/

For my other two best-selling books Running Hot and Running to Extremes chronicling my ultrarunning adventures and expeditions all around the world, go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books.

My Jewellery Collection

For my gorgeous and inspiring sports jewellery collection ‘Fierce’, go to 

https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/lisa-tamati-bespoke-jewellery-collection.

Here are three reasons why you should listen to the full episode:

1. Learn how mouth breathing can affect many aspects of your life. 
2. Discover the power of nasal breathing and how it can help improve your sleep and concentration. 
3. Understand the steps for transitioning to nasal breathing. 

Resources

• Follow Patrick's Amazon page for updates on his latest book, The Breathing Cure. 
• In the meantime, you can Patrick’s The Oxygen Advantage!   
• **INCLUDE LINK TO EPISODE WITH JAMES NESTOR ONCE IT’S OUT**
• Why We Sleep: Unlocking The Power Of Sleep And Dreams by Matthew Walker
• Breath: The New Science Of A Lost Art by James Nestor
• BOLT Method to test your breathing efficiency.
• Check out Buteyko Clinic and The Oxygen Advantage for breathing tools mentioned in this episode!  

Episode Highlights

[2:16] Patrick’s Journey Into Breathing

• Patrick shared how he was a chronic mouth breather and had asthma growing up. This condition got worse in time and affected his concentration and studies. 
• Chronic mouth breathing affects 25 - 50% of children, yet the medical industry is not doing anything to address it. 
• Patrick's personal experience and struggles made him realise that no one is teaching how to breathe correctly. 
• Breathing is fundamental to attention and sleep. 
• Listen to the full episode for an overview of how breathing can affect our development and life!  

[13:35] The Importance Of Nasal Breathing

• Transitioning to nasal breathing can increase oxygen pressure by 10%. 
• Mouth breathing is often tied to chest breathing, which is faster. Faster, shallower breaths cause the body to think it is in danger.
• Nasal breathing can help conditions such as asthma, COVID-19 recovery, sarcoidosis, anxiety, depression, functional movement and more. 
• Adults usually breath four to six litres of air during rest. Asthmatics report breathing as much as 10 to 15 litres.
• Approximately 75% of the people with anxiety have dysfunctional breathing.

[21:49] Breathing And Stress

• Stress is always accompanied by faster and upper chest breathing.
• Faster breathing causes us to think we’re in danger.
• Light, slow, and deep breathing should be taught to people with anxiety and PTSD.
• Correct, functional breathing shouldn't be used in five-minute chunks, but instead, be how we breathe every day.

[25:59] Breathing And Sleep

• The problem of snoring lies in mouth breathing. 
• Nasal breathing helps address sleep apnea. 
• Roughly 50% of the adult population sleeps with their mouth open. 
• If your mouth is dry in the morning, you may be sleeping with your mouth open.
• Listen to the full episode to learn more about the importance of breathing for better sleep. 

[33:13] How To Remedy Mouth Breathing

• Patrick recommends taping the mouth to encourage nasal breathing. 
• Dentists are in a good position to spot mouth breathing. 
• Patrick notes that facial abnormalities are a mark of mouth breathing. 
• Mouth breathing in young children and babies can be corrected early with the proper techniques.

[45:06] Effects On Facial Development

• Anthropologists have concluded that we had straight teeth all the time. 
• However, over the years, eating soft food has changed our jaws and teeth. 
• These changes led to the overcrowding of teeth and dental decay. It even affects our breathing! 
• It’s still being questioned whether small mouths cause mouth breathing or vice versa. Regardless, we need to address this problem immediately. 
• Listen to the full episode for more information on how facial development has changed over the years. 

[56:55] Transition To Nasal Breathing

• As adults, we can still influence the shape of our face. 
• Transitioning to nasal breathing may be difficult at first, but remember that it will be better for you in the long run. 
• You can test your breathing by using the BOLT Method
• . 
• Nasal breathing, in conjunction with other techniques, can drastically improve physical performance in athletes.

[1:07:55] Building Foundations

• Wim Hof has been vital in raising awareness of breathwork. 
• Patrick notes that the Wim Hof method is a stressor exercise, not functional breathing. 
• Before learning these high-level breathing techniques, it’s more important to get functional breathing right first. 
• Functional breathing is how you breathe throughout the day. 
• Listen to the full episode for the discussion on building your breathing foundation. 

7 Powerful Quotes from This Episode

‘Society does demand us to concentrate. Concentration is demanded of us. But nobody teaches us how.’

‘The other thing about mouth breathing is typically chest breathing is activating the upper chest, and it's also causing faster and harder breathing. And physiologically, this is putting us into a fight or flight response.’

‘When I see people coming in with a racing mind, and I look at their breathing, I very often see faster breathing, just a little bit faster. It's not that the person is having a panic attack, it's just their breathing is a little bit faster. Maybe the respiratory rate is 16 breaths per minute, plus, they have upper chest breathing, they can often have irregular breathing patterns.’

‘If we get stressed today, our breathing gets faster, harder... that's telling the brain we are in danger. So how do we change and switch this off? Well, when we start practising to breathe, breathe slow, and breathe deep. And the acronym that I use is LSD. So light, slow, and deep breathing. The feedback then is from the body back to the brain. And the brain is interpreting it that the body is in a safe environment because the body would not be breathing light, slow and deep if there was danger.’

‘If you have somebody who is breathing harder and faster, our typical person with asthma is a prime example. And it's known that as asthma severity increases, so does obstructive sleep apnea. People with asthma are tired.’

‘We know that 50% of the adult population have their mouth opened during sleep... so if the mouth is dry in the morning, you're not likely to be waking up feeling great.’

‘We're changing breathing patterns but we're not necessarily changing the behaviour of nasal breathing and mouth breathing... I need you to start taping your mouth during the day... and it was a total game-changer. This was really forming that habit of nose breathing.’

About Patrick

Patrick McKeown is a leading authority in the field of breathing. His clinical training was built at Trinity College Dublin in Russia. He was later accredited as a breathing coach by renowned physician Dr Konstantin Buteyko in 2002. Patrick's work focuses on breathing for performance and sleep. He has published several research studies in international medical journals, and top literary publishers have published his work. 

In addition to his research, Patrick is also the breathing advisor to the Extreme Performance Training XPT program - created by American big-wave surfer, Laird Hamilton - and has taught more than 700 breathing instructors across 45 countries. He has also trained elite military Special Forces, SWAT, Olympic coaches and athletes. He also regularly appears on popular podcasts including London Real, Ben Greenfield, Ben Pakulski, Warrior Souls and Bulletproof. 

Excited for the latest release from Patrick? You can follow him at Buteyko Clinic and Oxygen Advantage. Follow his Amazon page for updates on his latest book, The Breathing Cure.  

You can also follow Patrick on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.  

Enjoyed This Podcast?

If you did, be sure to subscribe and share it with your friends!

Post a review and share it! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review. You can also share this with your family and friends so they can include more amino acids in protein in their diet.

Have any questions? You can contact me through email (support@lisatamati.com) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.

To pushing the limits,

Lisa

Whichever stage of life you might be in, you’ll want to live it to the fullest. You’ll want mental clarity to perform at your best, energy to spend time with your loved ones, and a strong metabolism to maintain your ideal body weight. Using peptides is a great and effective way to remain healthy so you can make the most out of your life.

In this episode, Brian Graham discusses the functions and benefits of different peptides. He also shares some exciting developments in the peptide space. Peptides come with amazing effects — but they can also come with unpleasant side effects when not used with caution.

If you want to learn more about how peptides can power your body and enhance your quality of life, then this episode is for you!

Here are three reasons why you should listen to the full episode:

1. Learn how peptides work on your body.
2. Discover the latest developments in the peptide space.
3. Find out the numerous benefits of peptides.

Get Customised Guidance for Your Genetic Make-Up

For our epigenetics health programme, all about optimising your fitness, lifestyle, nutrition and mind performance to your particular genes, go to https://wellness.lisatamati.com/epigenetics.

Customised Online Coaching for Runners

CUSTOMISED RUN COACHING PLANS — How to Run Faster, Be Stronger, Run Longer  Without Burnout & Injuries

Have you struggled to fit in training in your busy life? Maybe you don’t know where to start, or perhaps you have done a few races but keep having motivation or injury troubles?

Do you want to beat last year’s time or finish at the front of the pack? Want to run your first 5-km or run a 100-miler?

​​Do you want a holistic programme that is personalised & customised to your ability, goals, and lifestyle? 

Go to www.runninghotcoaching.com for our online run training coaching.

Health Optimisation and Life Coaching

Are you struggling with a health issue and need people who look outside the square and are connected to some of the greatest science and health minds in the world? Then reach out to us at support@lisatamati.com, we can jump on a call to see if we are a good fit for you.

If you have a big challenge ahead, are dealing with adversity or want to take your performance to the next level and want to learn how to increase your mental toughness, emotional resilience, foundational health, and more, contact us at support@lisatamati.com.

Order My Books

My latest book Relentless chronicles the inspiring journey about how my mother and I defied the odds after an aneurysm left my mum Isobel with massive brain damage at age 74. The medical professionals told me there was absolutely no hope of any quality of life again. Still, I used every mindset tool, years of research and incredible tenacity to prove them wrong and bring my mother back to full health within three years. Get your copy here: https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books/products/relentless.

For my other two best-selling books Running Hot and Running to Extremes, chronicling my ultrarunning adventures and expeditions all around the world, go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books.

Lisa’s Anti-Ageing and Longevity Supplements 

NMN: Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, an NAD+ precursor

Feel Healthier and Younger*

Researchers have found that Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide or NAD+, a master regulator of metabolism and a molecule essential for the functionality of all human cells, is being dramatically decreased over time.

What is NMN?

NMN Bio offers a cutting edge Vitamin B3 derivative named NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) that can boost the levels of NAD+ in muscle tissue and liver. Take charge of your energy levels, focus, metabolism and overall health so you can live a happy, fulfilling life.

Founded by scientists, NMN Bio offers supplements of the highest purity and rigorously tested by an independent, third-party lab. Start your cellular rejuvenation journey today.

Support Your Healthy Ageing

We offer powerful third-party tested NAD+ boosting supplements so you can start your healthy ageing journey today.

Shop now: https://nmnbio.nz/collections/all

• NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 250mg | 30 capsules
• NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 500mg | 30 capsules
• 6 Bottles | NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 250mg | 30 Capsules
• 6 Bottles | NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 500mg | 30 Capsules

Quality You Can Trust — NMN

Our premium range of anti-ageing nutraceuticals (supplements that combine Mother Nature with cutting edge science) combats the effects of aging while designed to boost NAD+ levels. Manufactured in an ISO9001 certified facility

Boost Your NAD+ Levels — Healthy Ageing: Redefined

• Cellular Health
• Energy & Focus
• Bone Density
• Skin Elasticity
• DNA Repair
• Cardiovascular Health
• Brain Health 
• Metabolic Health

My  ‘Fierce’ Sports Jewellery Collection

For my gorgeous and inspiring sports jewellery collection, ‘Fierce’, go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/lisa-tamati-bespoke-jewellery-collection.

Episode Highlights

[04:20] Entering The Peptide Space

• Brian is a peptide specialist at Boulder Longevity Institute.
• When he first entered the peptide space, he worked more on performance optimization.
• He underwent educational training at the American Academy for Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine and earned a formal certification.
• He met Dr. Yurth while she was working at an orthopedic practice. They focused on bringing medical innovation to clinical relevance through collaboration.

[06:48] What Are Peptides?

• Peptides have been around for some time, even in traditional medicine.
• They are naturally-occurring products that help regulate or stimulate a given process. For example, insulin is a peptide that regulates blood glucose to prevent neuropathic pain and other complications.
• Many things can be targeted on a cellular level with a given peptide.

[09:07] Proteins vs. Peptides

• A protein that’s a large peptide has more binding sites or activity.
• Smaller sequences of amino acids become more specific for a given cellular target.
• When chopped up, large proteins are basically made up of peptides.
• Many environmental factors inhibit your body’s ability to make a given peptide, such as prioritization and accumulation of stressors.
• The aging process is associated with a decreased ability to make certain peptides.

[12:05] BPC-157

• BPC-157 is a gastric-derived peptide that naturally occurs in the digestive system and helps support the cells and makeup of the digestive system.
• It increases blood flow, thus helping modulate healing and recovery processes, especially in the musculoskeletal system.
• It also helps with neuron regeneration and improves the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.
• It’s an F-actin sequestering peptide that dampens the effects of scarring.

[17:00] What’s Happening in the Peptide Space

• The peptide space is incredibly dynamic with lots of innovative research and people working hard to get it to clinical relevance.
• While much of it is on the bench, there are many strides in the peptide space.
• There are many factors affecting the accessibility of peptides, such as market exclusivity.

[19:42] Increasing Accessibility

• Brian has been advocating and informing his patients of what’s available to them and gives them access if possible.
• Peptides that are in clinical development and have gone through safety trials require an API.
• Unfortunately, there are still some inconsistencies in products with company pharmacies that they partner with.
• It’s important to assess what’s going to be effective for you.

[23:24] SS-31

• SS-31 is a mitochondrial peptide that has market exclusivity.
• It targets the inner mitochondrial membrane and buffers lipid peroxidation, improving the overall system.
• Brian and his team are working on enhancing its effects by adding other synergistic materials to it.

[27:33] GHK-Cu

• GHK-Cu is widely known in the aesthetic space for collagen deposition and reduction of fine lines and wrinkles.
• Peptides should be used with caution because taking too much might compromise your health.
• It’s also being used for postoperative recovery and it could potentially help reorient genetic issues and damage.

[31:15] Ta1

• Thymosin alpha 1 modulates the immune system. It protects immunocompromised people who are more vulnerable to viral bacteria.
• It’s used for vaccines against viral hepatitis, certain types of cancer, and autoimmune diseases.
• Essentially, it helps with immunosurveillance by identifying foreign invaders, such as viruses and bacteria, and removing them.
• Though it has an incredible safety record, it’s under scrutiny and there is limited access to it.

[31:15] Semaglutide and GLP-RA

• Semaglutide and GLP-RA are synthetic peptides that regulate metabolism, increasing energy utilization and decreasing fat storage.
• It’s commonly used for glucose control.
• It also regulates metabolic processes in the brain, potentially reversing cognitive issues.
• However, it might also lead to nausea, vomiting, distension, and other issues because it slows down stomach emptying.

[43:42] MOD GRF 1-29

• Overstimulation of CJC-1295, which upregulates growth hormones, can lead to a host of issues, such as fluid retention and neuropathic pain.
• MOD GRF 1-29 promotes more robust growth hormone production.
• Using growth hormone-stimulating hormones might cause dependence because it will shut down your ability to produce growth hormones.
• Abusing growth hormones can shut down your body’s abilities.
• Growth hormones are released robustly at night and put you in a position to recover.

[49:23] Other Peptides

• Brian is only familiar with Epithalamin with regards to pineal gland-derived peptides.
• Cerebral lysine supports the nervous system and can potentially treat Alzheimer’s disease, brain injury, stroke, etc.
• MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that’s associated with longevity.
• Humanin is used with MOTS-c, due to its synergistic effects, to encourage greater levels of mitochondria and metabolic flexibility.
• Metabolic flexibility translates to overall system integrity, resiliency, and performance.

[57:24] Supersapiens

• Supersapiens sensors track glucose, ketones, and lactate in real-time.
• It helps enhance your performance and guides you in knowing what you need.
• It’s best to seek guidance when you start getting into the peptide space so you’ll be able to do things effectively and safely.

7 Powerful Quotes

“... essentially, what it does is it helps to regulate a given process. And that’s what peptides do, they are essentially a key to a door or an opportunity to either lock a door of a given process or open it up…”

“[Peptides] could be analogous to a dimmer switch on the wall: you’re turning up the light or turning down the light, but that’s going to correspond with the given physiologic mechanism.”

“Just because this stuff looks good on paper doesn’t necessarily mean it’s going to be good for everyone. It’s really important to distil down what is going to be effective for you so you’re not wasting your time and your money doing a treatment that you don’t necessarily need.”

“If you’re in a chronic deteriorative state where your body’s sort of ill-equipped to address that need, then you’re going to chronically upregulate inflammation and essentially chronically deteriorate, unfortunately.”

“More is not always better.”

“Everything happens in a rhythm. Everything has its own clock.”

“It’s important [...] to have guidance, whether that’s with me or someone else that is skilled and understands this constantly evolving field to really do things effectively.”

Resources

• Gain exclusive access and bonuses to Pushing the Limits Podcast by becoming a patron! 
• Peptide Therapy and Caring for Our Cells with Dr William Seeds
• Supersapiens Biosensors     
• Connect with Brian: LinkedIn 

About Brian

Brian Graham is the Program Director at Boulder Longevity Institute. He’s a certified peptide specialist through the International Peptide Society and American Academy for Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine. 

Brian is an industrious health and wellness professional with a thorough understanding of clinical peptide modalities. Through his work, he provides high-level concierge health services to patients and is well-versed in peptide sales. 

If you want to know more about Brian, you can connect with him on LinkedIn. 

Enjoyed This Podcast?

If you did, be sure to subscribe and share it with your friends!

Post a review and share it! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review. You can also share this with your family and friends so they can know how to optimise sleep. 

Have any questions? You can contact me through email (support@lisatamati.com) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube.

For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.

To pushing the limits,

Lisa

No one is exempt from ageing, and with aging comes diseases and sickness. Decreased performance and cell production also occur because of this phenomenon. Lifestyle changes may be inadequate to help your body function properly.

Over the past years, longevity science has been evolving, with the emergence of several anti-ageing supplements in the market. However, the body may not absorb these supplements effectively enough to slow down the effects of ageing.

In this episode, Dr Elena Seranova explains how the ageing process works. She details how to use supplements, complemented by lifestyle changes, to reverse ageing. She also shares how NMN can be coupled with TMG to create the ultimate longevity supplement. There’s no one supplement to optimise your health, but good habits and lifestyle changes are integral to having a longer and healthier life!

If you want to learn how to reverse ageing through supplements and lifestyle changes, then this episode is for you!

Here are three reasons why you should listen to the full episode:

1. Understand the aging process, its vicious cycle, and how it affects and changes our bodies. 
2. Learn how you can slow down and reverse the effects of aging.
3. Discover how you can combine TMG with NMN for better results.

Get Customised Guidance for Your Genetic Make-Up

For our epigenetics health programme, all about optimising your fitness, lifestyle, nutrition and mind performance to your particular genes, go to https://wellness.lisatamati.com/epigenetics.

Customised Online Coaching for Runners

CUSTOMISED RUN COACHING PLANS — How to Run Faster, Be Stronger, Run Longer  Without Burnout & Injuries

Have you struggled to fit in training in your busy life? Maybe you don't know where to start, or perhaps you have done a few races but keep having motivation or injury troubles?

Do you want to beat last year’s time or finish at the front of the pack? Want to run your first 5-km or run a 100-miler?

​​Do you want a holistic programme that is personalised & customised to your ability, goals, and lifestyle? 

Go to www.runninghotcoaching.com for our online run training coaching.

Health Optimisation and Life Coaching

Are you struggling with a health issue and need people who look outside the square and are connected to some of the greatest science and health minds in the world? Then reach out to us at support@lisatamati.com, we can jump on a call to see if we are a good fit for you.

If you have a big challenge ahead, are dealing with adversity or want to take your performance to the next level and want to learn how to increase your mental toughness, emotional resilience, foundational health, and more, contact us at support@lisatamati.com.

Order My Books

My latest book Relentless chronicles the inspiring journey about how my mother and I defied the odds after an aneurysm left my mum Isobel with massive brain damage at age 74. The medical professionals told me there was absolutely no hope of any quality of life again. Still, I used every mindset tool, years of research and incredible tenacity to prove them wrong and bring my mother back to full health within three years. Get your copy here: https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books/products/relentless.

For my other two best-selling books Running Hot and Running to Extremes, chronicling my ultrarunning adventures and expeditions all around the world, go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books.

Lisa’s Anti-Ageing and Longevity Supplements 

NMN: Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, an NAD+ precursor

Feel Healthier and Younger*

Researchers have found that Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide or NAD+, a master regulator of metabolism and a molecule essential for the functionality of all human cells, is being dramatically decreased over time.

What is NMN?

NMN Bio offers a cutting edge Vitamin B3 derivative named NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) that can boost the levels of NAD+ in muscle tissue and liver. Take charge of your energy levels, focus, metabolism and overall health so you can live a happy, fulfilling life.

Founded by scientists, NMN Bio offers supplements of the highest purity and rigorously tested by an independent, third-party lab. Start your cellular rejuvenation journey today.

Support Your Healthy Ageing

We offer powerful third-party tested NAD+ boosting supplements so you can start your healthy ageing journey today.

Shop now: https://nmnbio.nz/collections/all

• NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 250mg | 30 capsules
• NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 500mg | 30 capsules
• 6 Bottles | NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 250mg | 30 Capsules
• 6 Bottles | NMN (beta Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) 500mg | 30 Capsules

Quality You Can Trust — NMN

Our premium range of anti-ageing nutraceuticals (supplements that combine Mother Nature with cutting edge science) combats the effects of aging while designed to boost NAD+ levels. Manufactured in an ISO9001 certified facility

Boost Your NAD+ Levels — Healthy Ageing: Redefined

• Cellular Health
• Energy & Focus
• Bone Density
• Skin Elasticity
• DNA Repair
• Cardiovascular Health
• Brain Health 
• Metabolic Health

My  ‘Fierce’ Sports Jewellery Collection

For my gorgeous and inspiring sports jewellery collection, 'Fierce', go to https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/lisa-tamati-bespoke-jewellery-collection.

Episode Highlights

[01:53] How Longevity Science Is Growing

• There are a growing number of anti-ageing products as we understand the ageing process better.
• Multiple cellular processes decline or become imbalanced as people age.
• There are 9 hallmarks of ageing, and the study recently added another hallmark to include inflammation. 
• The top four killer diseases are cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. The older you are, the higher your chance of developing one of these diseases. 
• Our body peaks at 25 and starts the aging process from there.

[06:06] Why Is NMN Important? 

• NMN stands for nicotinamide mononucleotide and is a Vitamin B3 derivative. 
• It’s a natural molecule that you can get from food, but getting an efficient dosage requires supplementation.
• NMN is a precursor to help our metabolism, and it boosts NAD levels. NAD serves as fuel for SIRTUIN proteins that are involved in rejuvenation processes. 
• NAD is vital to keep our cells healthy and ensure they don’t lose their identity.

[09:23] What Happens in the Body as We Age

• Cell identity is vital. What differentiates cells is how certain parts of the genomes are read. As we age, this process can become chaotic. 
• Chromatin is a substance in a chromosome. Lightly packed chromatin under active transcription is called euchromatin. Heterochromatin, on the other hand, is more condensed and transcriptionally silent.
• Epigenetic changes can dictate which areas will be active or inactive. This defines how a cell can be expressed.
• Sirtuins are crucial in making sure the right genes are active and mediating DNA repair. However, they become less efficient as we age. 
• This is how our epigenetic regulation becomes loose, leading to genomic instability and loss of cellular identity. 

[15:33] How Aging Can Create a Vicious Cycle

• NAD is the fuel source of sirtuin genes. When these genes are depleted, our DNA can’t be repaired.
• As we age, NAD production depletes. DNA breaks and genome instability also increase. 
• This becomes a vicious cycle of needing more energy but with less production. 
• Furthermore, genome instability can increase senescence or zombie cells. These can further increase genome instability. 
• Senescent cells are cells that forget how to do their function well and stop replicating. These cells can further drain NAD levels.

[18:19] The Link Between Fasting and Cell Autophagy

• Autophagy is the process where cells can get rid of toxins and other things that are not needed anymore.
• Autophagy ensures housekeeping and can be triggered by fasting. 
• 12 hours of fasting can start autophagy in the liver, while 20 hours of fasting can start the process in other tissues.   
• Eating can activate mTOR, which is another vital cell regulator. This process is deactivated through supplements like Berberine.
• Learn to balance both eating and fasting. Hear about Dr Elena’s fasting schedule and supplements in the full episode!

[27:48] Why Dr Elena Launched TMG

• Methylation is vital for the body’s most critical functions. These include creating neurotransmitters, cell division, energy production, metabolism, and epigenetics. 
• Dr Elena launched TMG to boost NMN’s effectiveness and metabolism. 
• Methylation and TMG can control homocysteine levels, which correlate with cardiovascular diseases. TMG may also enhance athletic performance.
• It also has a good safety profile with no side effects despite higher dosage.
• Dr Elena recommends a 1:2 or 1:3 ratio of NMN to TMG. For every 500 milligrams of NMN, take 1 to 2 grams of TMG.

[33:31] Do We Need to Worry about Hyper-methylation? 

• It’s difficult to hyper-methylate. However, individual genetic factors can affect homocysteine levels. 
• To check your homocysteine levels, you can undergo a blood test or check your gene variants with a genetic test
• TMG is an osmoregulator that helps regulate cell balance and can optimize methylation.
• After taking over 20 grams, a laxative effect may appear.

[39:41] Where to Start

• Dr Elena recommends taking NMN, TMG, and extra virgin olive oil for anti-ageing.
• NMN can also help increase insulin sensitivity and boost collagen production, as seen in human clinical trial in prediabetic women.
• The market has a lot of collagen supplements, but not all of them are absorbed by the body effectively.
• Insulin sensitivity decreases as we age. This is the body’s ability to let glucose flow freely into cells.
• You can reverse ageing problems with a better lifestyle and supplements. Dr Elena recommends avoiding carbohydrates in your diet.

[42:55] How to Have a Healthier Diet

• Around 80% of adults in the West may be pre-diabetic.
• So many foods nowadays are made to be addictive. 
• While a vegan diet can help you detox at first, you will eventually experience amino acid depletion. Dr Elena prefers a carnivore diet.
• She also does fasting with a three-hour eating window. You can start with a longer eating window and slowly reduce it. 
• You don’t want a glucose spike in the morning.

[48:06] You Don’t Need to Be Perfect 

• You don’t have to be perfect every day, but make sure you stay consistent with your overall longevity routine. 
• Exercise and saunas activate Sirtuins. Try to have a routine for one or both.
• Optimize your routine and find out what works for you. 

[50:52] NMN Bio’s Growth

• Dr Elena shares that her company has been growing rapidly. They now have a UK warehouse, UK Amazon FBA, and another warehouse in Europe. 
• They are also expanding to the United States. 
• Remember that no one supplement will do everything for you. You also need to change your lifestyle, which includes diet, exercise, and even biorhythms.  
• There’s a lot of information about longevity online, and it can become overwhelming. This is why Dr Elena created an online course about longevity. 
• Dr Elena recommends making sure your circadian rhythm is not disrupted. 

Resources

• Lifespan by Dr David Sinclair